https://www.wikisida.no/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=De_seksten_former_for_tomhet 2026-04-15T11:28:27Z Versjonshistorikk for denne siden på wikien MediaWiki 1.45.1 https://www.wikisida.no/index.php?title=De_seksten_former_for_tomhet&diff=137616&oldid=prev 2026-04-13T05:01:57Z

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Wikisida https://www.wikisida.no/index.php?title=De_seksten_former_for_tomhet&diff=137615&oldid=prev 2023-11-15T02:27:30Z

<p>Redder 1 kilde(r) og merker 0 som død(e).) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</p> <p><b>Ny side</b></p><div>&#039;&#039;&#039;De seksten former for tomhet&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[sanskrit]]: &#039;&#039;ṣoḍaśaśūnyatā&#039;&#039;, [[devanāgarī]]: ओडस्हशून्यता, [[tibetansk]]: སྟོང་ཉིད་བཅུ་དྲུག, &#039;&#039;tongnyi chudruk&#039;&#039;; [[wylietranslitterasjon|wylie]]: &#039;&#039;stong nyid bcu drug&#039;&#039;) er et teknisk begrep innenfor den [[Buddhistisk filosofi|buddhistiske skolen]] [[madhyamaka]]. Det er en kategorisering og en videre utdypning av den [[buddhisme|buddhistiske]] læren om «[[Śūnyatā|tomheten]]» &#039;&#039;(śūnyatā)&#039;&#039;. De 16 kategoriene er nevnt i verket &#039;&#039;[[Madhyamakāvatāra]]&#039;&#039; av den [[India|sørindiske]] madhyamakafilosofen [[Candrakīrti]] (600–650 e.Kr.):<br /> <br /> &lt;/noinclude&gt;#den ytre tomheten (sanskrit: &#039;&#039;bahirdhā śūnyatā&#039;&#039;, devanāgarī: बहिर्धा शून्यता, tibetansk: ཕྱི་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་, &#039;&#039;chi tongpa nyi&#039;&#039;; wylie: &#039;&#039;phyi stong pa nyid&#039;&#039;)&lt;br&gt; <br /> #den indre tomhethet (sanskrit: &#039;&#039;adhyātmaśūnyatā&#039;&#039;, devanāgarī: अध्यात्मशून्यता, tibetansk: ནང་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་, &#039;&#039;nang tongpa nyi&#039;&#039;; wylie: &#039;&#039;nang stong pa nyid&#039;&#039;)&lt;br&gt;<br /> #tomheten i det ytre og det indre (sanskrit: &#039;&#039;adhyātmabahirdhāśūnyatā&#039;&#039;, devanāgarī: अध्यात्मबहिर्धाशून्यता, tibetansk: ཕྱི་ནང་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་, &#039;&#039;chi nang tongpa nyi&#039;&#039;; wylie: &#039;&#039;phyi nang stong pa nyid&#039;&#039;)&lt;br&gt;<br /> #den store tomheten (sanskrit: &#039;&#039;mahāśūnyatā&#039;&#039;, devanāgarī: महाशून्यता, tibetansk: ཆེན་པོ་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་, &#039;&#039;chenpo tongpa nyi&#039;&#039;; wylie: &#039;&#039;chen po stong pa nyid&#039;&#039;)&lt;br&gt;<br /> #tomheten i det som er uten begynnelse og uten opphør (sanskrit: &#039;&#039;anavarāgraśūnyatā&#039;&#039;, devanāgarī: अनवराग्रशून्यता, tibetansk: ཐོག་མ་དང་མཐའ་མ་མེད་པའི་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་, &#039;&#039;tokma dang tama mepe tongpa nyi&#039;&#039;; wylie: &#039;&#039;thog ma dang mtha&#039; ma med pa&#039;i stong pa nyid&#039;&#039;)&lt;br&gt;<br /> #tomheten i det [[saṁskṛta|betingede]] (sanskrit: &#039;&#039;saṁskṛtaśūnyatā&#039;&#039;, devanāgarī: संस्कृतशून्यता, tibetansk: འདུས་བྱས་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་, &#039;&#039;dü je tongpa nyi&#039;&#039;; wylie: &#039;&#039;&#039;dus byas stong pa nyid&#039;&#039;)&lt;br&gt;<br /> #tomheten i det [[asaṁskṛta|ubetingede]] (sanskrit: &#039;&#039;asaṁskṛtaśūnyatā&#039;&#039;, devanāgarī: असंस्कृतशून्यता, tibetansk: འདུས་མ་བྱས་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་, &#039;&#039;dü mache tongpa nyi&#039;&#039;; wylie: &#039;&#039;&#039;dus ma byas stong pa nyid &#039;&#039;)&lt;br&gt;<br /> #tomhetens tomhet (sanskrit: &#039;&#039;śūnyatāśūnyatā&#039;&#039;, devanāgarī: शून्यताशून्यता, tibetansk: སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་, &#039;&#039;tongpa nyi tongpa nyi&#039;&#039;; wylie: &#039;&#039;stong pa nyid stong pa nyid&#039;&#039;)&lt;br&gt;<br /> #tomheten hinsides ytterlighetene (sanskrit: &#039;&#039;atyantaśūnyatā&#039;&#039;, devanāgarī: अत्यन्तशून्यता, tibetansk: མཐའ་ལས་འདས་པའི་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་, &#039;&#039;tale depe tongpa nyi&#039;&#039;; wylie: &#039;&#039;mtha&#039; las &#039;das pa&#039;i stong pa nyid&#039;&#039;)&lt;br&gt;<br /> #den naturlige tomhet (sanskrit: &#039;&#039;prakṛtiśūnyatā&#039;&#039;, devanāgarī: प्रकृतिशून्यता, tibetansk: རང་བཞིན་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་, &#039;&#039;rangshin tongpa nyi&#039;&#039;; wylie: &#039;&#039;rang bzhin stong pa nyid&#039;&#039;)&lt;br&gt;<br /> #tomheten i det uobserverte (sanskrit: &#039;&#039;anupalambhaśūnyatā&#039;&#039;, devanāgarī: अनुपलम्भशून्यता, tibetansk: མཚན་ཉིད་མེད་པའི་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་, &#039;&#039;tsennyi mepe tongpa nyi&#039;&#039;; wylie: &#039;&#039;mtshan nyid med pa&#039;i stong pa nyid&#039;&#039;)&lt;br&gt;<br /> #den ultimate tomhet (sanskrit: &#039;&#039;svabhāvaśūnyatā&#039;&#039;, devanāgarī: स्वभावशून्यता, tibetansk: ངོ་བོ་ཉིད་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་, &#039;&#039;ngowo nyi tongpa nyi&#039;&#039;; wylie: &#039;&#039;ngo bo nyid stong pa nyid&#039;&#039;)&lt;br&gt;<br /> #tomheten i det uunnværlige (sanskrit: &#039;&#039;anavakāraśūnyatā&#039;&#039;, devanāgarī: अनवकारशून्यता, tibetansk: དོར་བ་མེད་པའི་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་, &#039;&#039;dorwa mepe tongpa nyi&#039;&#039;; wylie: &#039;&#039;dor ba med pa&#039;i stong pa nyid&#039;&#039;)&lt;br&gt;<br /> #tomheten i den essensielle naturen til ikke-entiteter (sanskrit: &#039;&#039;abhāvasvabhāvaśūnyatā&#039;&#039;, devanāgarī: अभावस्वभावशून्यता, tibetansk: དངོས་པོ་མེད་པའི་ངོ་བོ་ཉིད་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་, &#039;&#039;ngöpo mepe ngowo nyi tongpa nyi&#039;&#039;; wylie: &#039;&#039;dngos po med pa&#039;i ngo bo nyid stong pa nyid&#039;&#039;)&lt;br&gt;<br /> #tomheten i alle fenomener (sanskrit: &#039;&#039;sarvadharmaśūnyatā&#039;&#039;, devanāgarī: सर्वधर्मशून्यता, tibetansk: ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་, &#039;&#039;chö tamche tongpa nyi&#039;&#039;; wylie: &#039;&#039;chos thams cad stong pa nyid&#039;&#039;)&lt;br&gt;<br /> #tomheten i spesifikke egenskaper (sanskrit: &#039;&#039;svalakṣaṇaśūnyatā&#039;&#039;, devanāgarī: स्वलक्षणशून्यता, tibetansk: མཚན་ཉིད་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་, &#039;&#039;tsen nyi tongpa nyi&#039;&#039;; wylie: &#039;&#039;mtshan nyid stong pa nyid&#039;&#039;)&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;<br /> <br /> I [[Prajñāpāramitāsūtraen i 10 000 vers]] så vel som i verket [[Abhisamayalankara]] av [[Maitreyanātha]] (270–350 e.Kr.) nevnes ytterligere to tomheter, og der opereres det med «18 former for tomhet» (sanskrit: &#039;&#039;aṣṭadaśaśūnyatā&#039;&#039;, devanāgarī: अष्टदशशून्यता, tibetansk: སྟོང་ཉིད་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་, &#039;&#039;tongnyi chogye&#039;&#039;; wylie: &#039;&#039;stong nyid bco brgyad&#039;&#039;): <br /> <br /> :17. tomheten i det konkrete (sanskrit: &#039;&#039;bhāvaśūnyatā&#039;&#039;, devanāgarī: भ्वशून्यता, tibetansk: དངོས་པོ་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་, &#039;&#039;ngöpo tongpa nyi&#039;&#039;; wylie: &#039;&#039;dngos po stong pa nyid&#039;&#039;)&lt;br&gt;<br /> :18. tomheten i det ukonkrete (sanskrit: &#039;&#039;abhāvaśūnyatā&#039;&#039;, devanāgarī: अभावशून्यता, tibetansk: དངོས་པོ་མེད་པའི་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་, &#039;&#039;ngöpo mepe tongpa nyi&#039;&#039;; wylie: &#039;&#039;dngos po med pa&#039;i stong pa nyid&#039;&#039;)&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> I teksten &#039;&#039;[[Portalen til kunnskap]]&#039;&#039; [22:61 til 22:65] av [[Nyingma]]mesteren [[Jamgön Mipham Rinpoche]] (1854–1812), nevnes ytterligere to tomheter, og der opereres det med «20 former for tomhet» (sanskrit: &#039;&#039;viṃśatiśūnyatā&#039;&#039;, devanāgarī: विंशतिशून्यता, tibetansk: སྟོང་ཉིད་ཉི་ཤུ་, &#039;&#039;tongnyi nyishu&#039;&#039;; wylie: &#039;&#039;stong nyid nyi shu&#039;&#039;):<br /> <br /> :19. tomheten av identitetens natur (tibetansk: [[ངོ་བོ་ཉིད་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་]], &#039;&#039;ngowo nyi tongpa nyi&#039;&#039;; wylie: &#039;&#039;ngo bo nyid stong pa nyid&#039;&#039;)&lt;br&gt;<br /> :20. tomheten av substans (sanskrit: &#039;&#039;svabhāvaśūnyatā&#039;&#039;, devanāgarī: स्वभावशून्यता, tibetansk: གཞན་གྱི་དངོས་པོ་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་, &#039;&#039;shengyi ngöpo tongpa nyi&#039;&#039;; wylie: &#039;&#039;gzhan gyi dngos po stong pa nyid&#039;&#039;)&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Eksterne lenker==<br /> * [http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Sixteen_kinds_of_emptiness Sixteen kinds of emptiness] i Rigpa Shedra<br /> * [http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Eighteen_kinds_of_emptiness Eighteen kinds of emptiness] i Rigpa Shedra<br /> * [http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Twenty_kinds_of_emptiness Twenty kinds of emptiness] i Rigpa Shedra<br /> * [http://www.chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php?title=Eighteen_types_of_emptiness Eighteen types of emptiness] {{Wayback|url=http://www.chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php?title=Eighteen_types_of_emptiness |date=20180823105439 }} i Eighteen types of emptiness<br /> <br /> [[Kategori:Madhyamaka]]<br /> [[Kategori:Abhisamayalamkara]]<br /> [[Kategori:Den store prajñāpāramitāsūtraen]]<br /> [[Kategori:Nyingma]]<br /> [[Kategori:Begreper i buddhismen]]</div>

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