Redigerer Fraser Institute

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 | navn =  The Fraser Institute
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 | stiftet = 1974
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 | ledertittel = Executive Director
 | leder = [[Mark Mullins (economist)|Mark Mullins]]
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 | motto = A free and prosperous world through choice, markets and responsibility
 | url = [http://www.fraserinstitute.org www.fraserinstitute.org]
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'''Fraser Institute''' er [[tankesmie]] basert i [[Canada]] som baserer seg på prinsippene for et [[fritt marked]]. Instituttets mandat er å fremme frihet og konkurransedyktige markeder. På et generelt grunnlag er de motstandere av offentlige løsninger basert på offentlig forbruk, skatter, underskudd og reguleringer. Noen eksempler på offentlige politiske standpunkt: mer [[frihandel]] i hele verden, [[privatisering]] av forskjellige statlige tjenester, friheten til å eie og skaffe seg [[våpen]] uten kontroll, legalisering av [[Cannabis_(rusmiddel)|marijuana]], konkurranse i grunnskolen og større deltagelse av privat sektor i leveranser av helsetjenester og -forsikringer.

Fraser Institute uttrykker ikke meninger om geopolitiske emner. For eksempel har ikke tankesmien uttalt seg om Canadas avgjørelse om å ikke delta i 2003-invasjonen av Irak eller har uttrykt noen holdninger til om kanadiske soldater skal være eller ikke være i Afghanistan. Tankesmien var og er motstander av statlige reguleringer som en mulig løsning på den [[global oppvarming]]en fra 1970-tallet til rundt årtusenskiftet. De sier at «potensialet til å påføre høye omkostninger på den kanadiske befolkningen og drastisk øke den regulerende stat, uten å gi lite eller ingen miljømessig fordel»<ref>Oversatt «''the potential to impose high costs on Canadian citizens and drastically increase the regulatory state, while providing little or no environmental benefit.''»</ref> Fraser Institute (navngitt etter elven [[Fraser (elv)|Fraser]]) er lokalisert i [[Vancouver, British Columbia]]. Det ble stiftet i 1974 av [[Michael Walker (økonom)|Michael Walker]], en økonom fra [[University of Western Ontario]] og forretningsmannen T. Patrick Boyle, da visepresident for [[MacMillan Bloedel Limited|MacMillan Bloedel]]. Den nåværende administrerende direktør [[Mark Mullins (økonom)|Mark Mullins]], var Institutets tidligere direktør for ''Ontario policy studies''. 

Instituttet er kjent for sin [[Economic Freedom of the World]]-indeks som rangerer verdens land i henhold til deres [[Økonomisk frihet|økonomiske frihet]].

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==Operations==
===Funding===
As a registered charity with the [[Canada Revenue Agency]], the Institute must file annual registered charity information returns.  In 2007, the most recent annual returns, the Institute and the affiliated Fraser Institute Foundation together reported having $15.2 million [[Canadian dollar|CAD]] in assets, $9.1 million in equity and $13.7 million in annual revenue.<ref>[http://www.cra-arc.gc.ca/ebci/haip/srch/sec/SrchInput05Render-e?bn=895155406RR0001&fpe=2007-12-31&formId=19&name=THE+FRASER+INSTITUTE+FOUNDATION#section_e CRA Annual Return 2007]</ref><ref>[http://www.cra-arc.gc.ca/ebci/haip/srch/sec/SrchInput05Render-e?bn=119233823RR0001&fpe=2007-12-31&formId=19&name=THE+FRASER+INSTITUTE#section_e CRA Annual Return 2007]</ref>

===Governance===
The Institute is governed by a board of trustees.  Current members of the board are: [[Hassan Khosrowshahi]] (chairman), Mark Mitchell (vice-chairman), Edward Belzberg (vice-chairman), Salem Ben Nasser Al Ismaily, Louis-Philippe Amiot, Gordon Arnell, Charles Barlow, Everett Berg, Tony Boeckh, T. Patrick Boyle, Peter Brown, Joseph Canavan, Alex Chafuen, Elizabeth Chaplin, Derwood Chase, [[James Davidson]], Stuart Elman, Greg Fleck, Shaun Francis, Ned Goodman, Arthur Grunder, John Hagg, Paul Hill, Stephen Hynes, David Laidley, Robert Lee, Brandt Louie, David MacKenzie, [[William Mackness]], Hubert Marleau, James McGovern, [[Gwyn Morgan]], [[Mark Mullins (economist)|Mark Mullins]], Eleanor Nicholls, Roger Phillips, Herbert Pinder, R. Jack Pirie, Conrad Riley, Anthony Sessions, William Siebens, Arni Thorsteinson, [[Michael Walker (economist)|Michael Walker]], and Catherine Windels.<ref>[http://www.fraserinstitute.org/aboutus/whoweare/boardofdirectors.htm The Fraser Institute]</ref>

Former members of the board of trustees include [[David Asper]], whose family owns [[CanWest Global Communications|CanWest Global]], Canada's largest media corporation; [[Barbara Amiel]], wife of [[Conrad Black]]; and [[David Radler]], Black's former business partner.

===Political stance===
Fraser Institute describes itself as "an independent international research and educational organization"<ref>[http://www.fraserinstitute.org/aboutus/whoweare/ Who We Are] Fraser Institute</ref> the vision of which "is a free and prosperous world where individuals benefit from greater choice, competitive markets, and personal responsibility" and its stated mission is "to measure, study, and communicate the impact of competitive markets and government interventions on the welfare of individuals".<ref>[http://www.fraserinstitute.org/aboutus/whoweare/mission.htm Mission] Fraser Institute</ref> ''[[Forbes]]'' and [[Polskie Radio]] has referred to the organization as [[libertarian]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Poland 82nd in economic  freedom index|url= http://www.thenews.pl/business/artykul115878_poland_82nd_in_economic_freedom_index.html|work  = [[Polskie Radio]]|date=  September 14, 2009|accessdate= 2010-01-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Competitive and Not  |author = Tim W. Ferguson| url= http://www.forbes.com/global/2004/0920/005.html|work  = [[Forbes.com]]|date=  September 20, 2004|accessdate= 2010-01-11}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' has described Fraser as libertarian<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/18/business/worldbusiness/18iht-wbmarket18_ed3_.html With Interest : Turning the tables on reform] ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref> and [[conservative]].<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/28/world/americas/28iht-canada.html In Canada, private medicine spreads] ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref> Brian Preston in an article published in ''[[The Tyee]]'', a left-wing Canadian web magazine, claimed "the institute these days downplays its libertarian roots". Canadian [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] advocate and libertarian activist [[Marc Emery]] said Fraser Institute has abandoned its former slogan, "Free minds, free markets."<ref name=tyee>Brian Preston, [http://thetyee.ca/Views/2008/04/18/FraserInstitute/ Pot Prince's Falling Out with  Fraser  Institute] ''[[The Tyee]]''</ref> James Wood in an article published in the ''[[Regina Leader-Post]]'' described the institute as conservative.<ref>James Wood, [http://www.fcpp.org/publication.php/1666 Fraser Institute Praises NDP & Saskatchewan] ''[[Regina Leader-Post]]''</ref> [[CBC News]], the news department of the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]], labelled the institute as a "right-of-centre" think tank.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2001/06/28/taxfreedom_010628.html|title=Friday is Tax Freedom Day: Fraser Institute|date=June 29, 2001|work=[[CBC News]]|accessdate=17 January 2010}}</ref> According to [[anarcho-capitalist]] [[Walter Block]], "the Fraser Institute wouldn't even be called conservative, but rather, middle of the road."<ref name=tyee/>  ''[[Toronto Star]]'' described Fraser as "an influential libertarian think tank".<ref>[http://www.thestar.com/article/127076 Milton Friedman, 94: Free market lion] ''[[Toronto Star]]''</ref> The organization is described as "Libertarian-leaning think tank" by ''New Mexico Business Weekly''.<ref>[http://www.bizjournals.com/albuquerque/stories/2008/07/07/daily22.html Richardson eyes new revenue for health coverage] ''New Mexico Business Weekly''</ref>

== High-profile figures ==
The Institute has attracted some well-known individuals to its ranks, such as founding member [[Friedrich Hayek]]. The Institute maintains that it has an apolitical stance and refuses to align itself with any political party. For example, in recent years, it has brought into its fold former politicians such as former Reform Party leader [[Preston Manning]], former Ontario Conservative premier [[Mike Harris]], former Alberta Conservative premier [[Ralph Klein]] and former Liberal cabinet minister and Newfoundland and Labrador premier [[Brian Tobin]].

== Controversy ==
According to an article published in [[CBC News Online]], some people charge that Michael Walker, an economist from the University of Western Ontario, helped set up the institute after he received financial backing from forestry giant MacMillan-Bloedel, largely to counter [[British Columbia]]'s NDP government<ref name=FI30>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/fraserinstitute CBC News Indepth: Fraser Institute]/</ref> then led by Premier [[Dave Barrett]]. The relationship, though, was short-lived as MacMillian-Bloedel broke ties with the Institute when it published a book opposing wage and price controls.{{fact|date=May 2009}} The CEO of MacMillian-Bloedel at the time supported wage and price controls. As the institute espouses free market views, it has been criticized by [[trade union]]s for its [[Minimum_wage#Debate_over_consequences|recommendations to abolish]] [[minimum wage]]. In 1999, the Fraser Institute was attacked by health professionals and scientists for sponsoring two conferences on the [[tobacco]] industry entitled "Junk Science, Junk Policy? Managing Risk and Regulation" and "Should government butt out? The pros and cons of tobacco regulation."  Critics charged the Institute was associating itself with the tobacco industry's many attempts to discredit authentic scientific work.<ref name=FI30/> 

In 2002, a study by Neil Brooks of the left-wing [[Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives]] alleged that the Institute's widely promoted [[Tax Freedom Day]], described as the date each year when the average Canadian's income no longer goes to paying government taxes, included flawed accounting. The Brooks study claimed that the Institute's methods of accounting excluded several important forms of income and inflated tax figures, moving the date nearly two months later in the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.policyalternatives.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/publications/National_Office_Pubs/2005/tax_freedom_day.pdf| title=Tax Freedom Day - A Flawed, Incoherent, and Pernicious Concept| author=Neil Brooks|date=16 June 2005|accessdate=2005-12-11}}</ref>  The Institute counters that Professor Brooks confuses the aggregate tax burden with the tax burden borne by those who actually pay tax.{{fact|date=September 2007}}

==Global warming==

Ross McKitrick, a Senior Fellow of the Institute, has been a prominent critic of some [[scientific opinion on climate change]].  On February 5, 2007, the Institute published The Independent Summary for Policymakers, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.<ref>[http://www.fraserinstitute.ca/shared/readmore.asp?sNav=pb&id=886 The Fraser Institute]</ref>

== Publications ==
* ''Caring For Profit: Economic Dimensions of Canada's Health Care Industry'' (1987)
* ''Privatization: Tactics and Techniques'' (1988)
* ''Waiting Your Turn: Hospital Waiting Lists in Canada'' series (1990-present)
* ''Economics and the Environment: A Reconciliation'' (1990)
* The Case for the Amero: The Economics and Politics of a North American Monetary Union (1999)[http://www.fraserinstitute.ca/admin/books/files/amero.pdf]
* ''Measuring Poverty in Canada'', (a series articles/studies from 1992-2006), see related article [[Poverty in Canada]]
* ''Immigration and the Welfare State in Canada: Growing Conflicts, Constructive Solutions'' (2005), see related article [[Economic impact of immigration to Canada]]
* ''[[Fraser Institute Report Card on Alberta's High Schools]]'' (2006)
* ''Independent Summary for Policymakers, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report'' (2007) [http://www.fraserinstitute.ca/shared/readmore.asp?sNav=pb&id=886]

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==Referanser==
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==Eksterne lenker==
* {{Offisielt nettsted}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100112050018/http://www.policy.ca/policy-directory/Detailed/Fraser-Institute-278.html Policy.ca Profil: Fraser Institute]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041109204711/http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/fraserinstitute/ CBC-profil: Fraser Institute]
* [https://apps.cra-arc.gc.ca/ebci/haip/srch/sec/SrchInput03Render-e?bn=119233823RR0001{{død lenke|dato=juli 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} Canada Revenue Agency registered charity information database: The Fraser Institute]{{Død lenke|dato=april 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}
* [http://www.sourcewatch.org/?title=Fraser_Institute Fraser Institute] hos [[SourceWatch]]
* [http://www.odlt.org/interviews/interview_with_michael_walker.pdf Vancouver Review-intervju med Michael Walker] {{Wayback|url=http://www.odlt.org/interviews/interview_with_michael_walker.pdf |date=20110727141441 }}
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[[Kategori:Tankesmier]]
[[Kategori:Organisasjoner etablert i 1974]]