Redigerer Der ostasiatische Lloyd

{{Infoboks avis}}
'''''Der Ostasiatische Lloyd'''''<!--In German when you add "Der" it becomes "Der Ostasiatische--> ('''OAL''') var en tyskspråklig VIS publisert i [[Shanghai]] i  [[Kina]]. Den var Kinas eldste tyskspråklige avis.<ref>French, p. [http://books.google.com/books?id=sM0O9oqGK8sC&pg=PA82&dq=%22The+oldest+German-language+paper+in+china%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qnqQUNPfBIjc8ASVi4DwDA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22The%20oldest%20German-language%20paper%20in%20china%22&f=false 82]</ref> Tyskere i Kina og Sørøst-Asia var dens lesere.<ref name=French83>French, [http://books.google.com/books?id=sM0O9oqGK8sC&pg=PA83&dq=%22Its+readership+covered+all+the+German+communities%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CYKQUJuxL4au9AS9iYHAAg&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Its%20readership%20covered%20all%20the%20German%20communities%22&f=false 83].</ref> Den bre regnet som den tyske avis i landet av høyest kvalitet.<ref name=French83/> Det meste av avisen var økonomisk og politisk stoff, men det var også noen kultursider.<ref name=Walravens90>Walravens, p. [http://books.google.com/books?id=0F6U82kZXjsC&pg=PA90&dq=%22Its+contents+covered+politics+and+economy+but+there+were%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=VYSQUN7PKIji8gSkhYGQAQ&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Its%20contents%20covered%20politics%20and%20economy%20but%20there%20were%22&f=false 90].</ref>

==Historie==
Avisen ble grunnlagt som dagsavis i 1889 i Shanghai.<ref>French, p. [http://books.google.com/books?id=sM0O9oqGK8sC&pg=PA82&dq=%22The+oldest+German-language+paper+in+china%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qnqQUNPfBIjc8ASVi4DwDA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22The%20oldest%20German-language%20paper%20in%20china%22&f=false 82]-[http://books.google.com/books?id=sM0O9oqGK8sC&pg=PA83&dq=%22Its+readership+covered+all+the+German+communities%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CYKQUJuxL4au9AS9iYHAAg&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Its%20readership%20covered%20all%20the%20German%20communities%22&f=false 83].</ref> Herr von Gundlach var den første redaktør; han ble etterfulft av [[Bruno Navarra]].<ref name=French83/> Neste redaktør, [[Carl Fink]] (1861-1943<ref name=Walravens89>Walravens, p. [http://books.google.com/books?id=0F6U82kZXjsC&pg=PA89&dq=%22was+the+Ostasiatischer+Lloyd%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FYOQUK-SNobc9AST1IDwAw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22was%20the%20Ostasiatischer%20Lloyd%22&f=false 89].</ref>), hadde ansvaret fra 1900 til 1917. Fink gjorde den om til ukeavis.<ref name=French83/> Hartmut Walravens, forfatter av "German Influence on the Press in China," sier at "there is no doubt among specialists that the ''Ostasiatischer Lloyd'', especially under his editorship, has been not only the first but also the best German newspaper in China."<ref name=Walravens90/> I 1916 beskrev A.P. Winston, forfatter av "Chinese Finance Under the Republic," avisen som "chief organ of the German interests in the Far East" og at avisen "deserves to rank with the better class of European or American journals devoted to commerce and finance."<ref>Winston, p. [http://books.google.com/books?id=3rIHAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA739&lpg=PA739&dq=Der+Ostasiatischer+Lloyd&source=bl&ots=kG4y0xXPrY&sig=r0ZNiKzX_GUS2FV8PlkFr6NQJUY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TRyCUdbLI4Oe9QTOx4HIAg&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Der%20Ostasiatischer%20Lloyd&f=false 739].</ref>

Ved utbruddet av [[annen verdenskrig]] ble det vanskeligere å distribuere ''Der Ostasiatische Lloyd'' til andre land, og etterspørselen i Kina etter nyheter fra Tyskland tiltok. Redaktørene for ''Der Ostasiatische Lloyd'' startet da ''[[Deutsche Zeitung für China]]'' for å møte etterspørselen. Walravens sier at den nye avisen var vellykket.<ref>Walravens, p. [http://books.google.com/books?id=0F6U82kZXjsC&pg=PA91&dq=%22In+other+parts+of+China+the+interest+in+news+from+Germany%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=HNqZUarRJ4ia8gTn6IDYAw&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22In%20other%20parts%20of%20China%20the%20interest%20in%20news%20from%20Germany%22&f=false 91].</ref>

En avis som opprinnelig het ''[[Deutsche Shanghai Zeitung]]'' tok senere navnet ''Der Ostasiatische Lloyd'' - den hadde ingen forbindelse med '''Der Ostasiatische Lloyd''', men var knyttet til nazismen.<ref>Walravens, p. [http://books.google.com/books?id=0F6U82kZXjsC&pg=PA93&dq=%22was+headed+by+Herbert+Mueller%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=X6CQUMG8N46C8QT7xYCIDw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22was%20headed%20by%20Herbert%20Mueller%22&f=false p. 93]</ref>

==Litteratur==
* French, Paul. ''Through the Looking Glass: China's Foreign Journalists from Opium Wars to Mao''. [[Hong Kong University Press]], August 15, 2009. ISBN 9622099823, 9789622099821.
* Walravens, Hartmut. "German Influence on the Press in China." - In: ''Newspapers in International Librarianship: Papers Presented by the Newspaper Section at IFLA General Conferences''. [[Walter de Gruyter]], January 1, 2003. ISBN 3110962799, 9783110962796.
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20030617073505/http://ifla.queenslibrary.org/IV/ifla62/62-walh.htm Also available at]() the website of the [[Queens Library]] - This version does not include the footnotes visible in the Walter de Gruyter version
**Also available in Walravens, Hartmut and Edmund King. ''Newspapers in international librarianship: papers presented by the newspapers section at IFLA General Conferences''. [[K.G. Saur]], 2003. ISBN  3598218370, 9783598218378.
* Winston, A.P. "Chinese Finance Under the Republic." In: Dunbar, Charles Franklin, Frank William Taussig, Abbott Payson Usher, Alvin Harvey Hansen, William Leonard Crum, Edward Chamberlin, and Arthur Eli Monroe. ''[[The Quarterly Journal of Economics]]'' ''Volume 30'' (167-170 of American periodical series, 1850-1900). [[George H. Ellis]], published 1916. p.&nbsp;738-779.
* Kreissler, François. ''L'Action culturelle allemande en Chine: de la fin du XIXe siècle à la Seconde guerre mondiale''. [[Les Editions de la MSH]], 1989. ISBN 2735102777, 9782735102778. - "Deutsche Shanghai Zeitung" mentioned in pages 98, 102, 103, and 105
* Niu, Haikun (牛海坤 ''Niú Hǎikūn''). "《德文新報》研究（1886~1917）." ("A Study/Research of ''Der Ostasiatische Lloyd'' (1886-1917)") [[Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press]].<!--Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press Co., Ltd.--> January 1, 2012. ISBN：9787313079237.

==Referanser==
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[[Kategori:Aviser i Shanghai]]
[[Kategori:Aviser etablert i 1889]]
[[Kategori:Qing-dynastiets historie]]
[[Kategori:Republikken Kinas historie til 1949]]