Redigerer Amerika først

'''Amerika først''' (engelsk: ''America First'') er en [[politikk]] og et [[Motto|slagord]] i [[USA]]. Det var en [[Amerikansk isolasjonisme|isolasjonistisk]] politikk i [[Mellomkrigstiden|mellomkrigstida]] og tatt i bruk på nytt av [[Donald Trump]] fra 2015.<ref name="Olson">{{cite book |last1=Olson |first1=Lynne |title=Those Angry Days: Roosevelt, Lindbergh, and America's Fight Over World War II, 1939–1941 |date=2013 |publisher=Random House Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-679-60471-6 |page=220, 227,234,242, 243 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OjZnbVFDisUC&q=%22America+First%22+isolationism&pg=PA220 |accessdate=2020-11-23 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614050310/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OjZnbVFDisUC&lpg=PP1&dq=%22America%20First%22%20isolationism&pg=PA220#v=onepage&q=%22America%20First%22%20isolationism&f=false |archive-date=2020-6-14}}</ref> 
[[File:President Trump's Six Months of America First.webm|thumb|"President Trump's Six Months of America First", en video utgitt av [[Det hvite hus]]]]
== 1914–1941 ==
[[Fil:America First Rally flyer April 4 1941.jpg|mini|right|upright=1.0|alt=Bilde av plakat fra America First-kampanjen|Oppslag for et folkemøte arrangert av America First-komiteen i St. Louis i april 1941]]
''America First'' ble brukt som slagord både av demokratiske og republikanske politikere. Etter at [[første verdenskrig]] brøt ut, brukte den demokratiske president [[Woodrow Wilson]] ''America First'' for å beskrive sin nøytralitetspolitikk. Det samme gjorde journalisten og den seinere avismagnaten [[William Randolph Hearst]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/05/william-randolph-hearst-gave-america-first-its-nationalist-edge/481497/|title=How 'America First' Got Its Nationalistic Edge|last=Rauchway|first=Eric|authorlink=Eric Rauchway|date=2016-5-6|work=[[The Atlantic]]|access-date=2018-8-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708191531/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/05/william-randolph-hearst-gave-america-first-its-nationalist-edge/481497/|archive-date=2018-7-8|url-status=live}}</ref>  Slagordet ble også brukt av den republikanske senator [[Warren G. Harding]] i [[Presidentvalget i USA 1920|presidentvalgkampen i 1920]], som han gikk seirende ut av.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/sex-scandals-and-america-first-warren-g-harding-was-donald-trump-10|title=Sex Scandals and 'America First': Warren G. Harding Was Donald Trump 1.0|last=Mikelbank|first=Peter|date=2018-3-24|work=The Daily Beast|access-date=2018-8-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207204145/https://www.thedailybeast.com/sex-scandals-and-america-first-warren-g-harding-was-donald-trump-10|archive-date=2018-12-7|url-status=live}}</ref>

America First-komiteen (AFC), med [[Charles Lindbergh]] som den mest kjente talsperson, var en [[Interesseorganisasjon|pressgruppe]] som førte en kampanje imot at USA skulle involvere seg i [[andre verdenskrig]]. Den arbeidet for isolasjonisme og imot at USA skulle involvere seg internasjonalt. Gruppen hadde {{nowrap|800 000}} medlemmer i 450 avdelinger og gjorde slagordet ''America First'' populært.<ref name="Sarles">{{cite book|last=Sarles|first=Ruth |authorlink=Ruth Sarles Benedict|title=A Story of America First: The Men and Women Who Opposed U.S. Intervention in World War II|url=https://archive.org/details/storyofamericafi0000sarl|editor-last=Kauffman|editor-first=Bill |editor-link=Bill Kauffman|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |year=2003|isbn=978-0-275-97512-8|pages=}}</ref> Mye av gruppens retorikk var antisemittisk og pro-fascistisk, men gruppen hadde en variert medlemsmasse.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bennett|first=Brian|url=http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-america-first-20170120-story.html|title='America First,' a phrase with a loaded anti-Semitic and isolationist history|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=2017-1-20|quote=While the America First Committee attracted a wide array of support, the movement was marred by anti-Semitic and pro-fascist rhetoric.|access-date=2017-3-6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308035917/http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-america-first-20170120-story.html|archive-date=March 8, 2017|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite news|last=Dunn|first=Susan|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/04/27/opinions/trump-america-first-ugly-echoes-dunn/|title=Trump's 'America First' has ugly echoes from U.S. history|agency=[[CNN]]|date=2016-4-18|quote=Seeking to brand itself as a mainstream organization, America First struggled with the problem of the anti-Semitism of some of its leaders and many of its members.|access-date=March 6, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306201902/http://www.cnn.com/2016/04/27/opinions/trump-america-first-ugly-echoes-dunn/|archive-date=2017-3-6|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite book|last=Powers|first=Richard Gid|title=Not Without Honor: The History of American Anticommunism|url=https://archive.org/details/notwithouthonorh00powe|url-access=registration|publisher=Free Press|year=1995|page=[https://archive.org/details/notwithouthonorh00powe/page/167 167]|isbn=0-684-82427-2|quote=The America First Committee and Norman Thomas's group tried to maintain their distance from anti-Semites and fascists, but the lunatic fringe of countersubversives was drawn irresistibly to them, wild for the possibility of become part of a powerful mainstream political movement. Gerald L. K. Smith, Elizabeth Dilling, Gerald B. Winrod, William Dudley Pelley, Charles Coughlin, Laura Ingalls, and all of the country's other notorious anti-Semitic anticommunist crackpots joyously raised the temperature of the debate by attacking defense preparations as Jewish inspired and Communist directed.}}</ref> Gruppen ble oppløst 10. desember 1941, tre dager etter det japanske [[angrepet på Pearl Harbor]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/true-history-behind-plot-against-america-180974365/|title=The True History Behind 'The Plot Against America'|last=Solly|first=Meilan|date=2020-3-16|website=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-04-21|quote=The America First Committee officially disbanded three days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.}}</ref>

Den [[Paleokonservatisme|paleokonservative]] [[Pat Buchanan]], som bl.a. deltok som kandidat ved republikanernes [[presidentvalget i USA 1992|primærvalg i 1992]] snakket positivt om America First-komiteen og brukte selv ''America First'' som slagord.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cox |first1=Michael |last2=Durham|first2=Martin |chapter=The Politics of Anger: The Extreme Right in the United States|page=287 |editor-last=Hainsworth|editor-first=Paul |title=The Politics of the Extreme Right: From the Margins to the Mainstream |location=London/New York |publisher=Pinter |year=2000 |isbn=1-85567-459-9}}</ref>

== Trump ==
Donald Trump, som hadde møtt Pat Buchanan i [[Reformpartiet (USA)|Reformpartiets]] [[Presidentvalget i USA 2000|primærvalg i 2000]], begynte å bruke Buchanans slagord i 2015.<ref>{{cite news|last=Trump|first=Donald J.|url=https://factba.se/transcript/donald-trump-op-ed-wsj-20151110|title=Ending China's Currency Manipulation|work=[[Wall Street Journal]]|date=2015-11-10|quote=The American people need an administration that will tell them the truth and a president who will put America first. That’s what I intend to do.|access-date=2020-7-9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516011435/https://factba.se/transcript/donald-trump-op-ed-wsj-20151110|archive-date=2020-5-16|url-status=live}}</ref> 

I begynnelsen av Trump-kampanjen ble Trump markedsført som en nasjonalist som ville sette Amerika først.<ref>{{cite press release|last=Kuhner|first=Jeffrey T.|date=2015-7-2|title=The Elites' Problem with Donald Trump: He's Not For Sale|publisher=World Tribune|url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/media/the-elites-problem-with-donald-trump-hes-not-for-sale|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204085504/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/media/the-elites-problem-with-donald-trump-hes-not-for-sale|archive-date=2016-02-04|url-status=dead|accessdate=2020-11-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624044533/http://www.donaldjtrump.com/media/the-elites-problem-with-donald-trump-hes-not-for-sale|url-status=dead}} {{Kilde www |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/media/the-elites-problem-with-donald-trump-hes-not-for-sale |tittel=Arkivert kopi |besøksdato=2020-11-23 |arkiv-dato=2016-06-24 |arkiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624044533/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/media/the-elites-problem-with-donald-trump-hes-not-for-sale |url-status=yes }}</ref> Kampanjelederen Corey Lewandowski (som seinere ga ut ei bok med tittelen<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cooper|first1=Elise|title=Book Review: Trump: America First|work=Military Press|url=https://www.militarypress.com/book-review-trump-america-first/|date=2020-10-8}}</ref>) brukte frasen i kampanjen, og både [[Sarah Palin]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Blaine|first=Kyle|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/kyleblaine/so-uh-heres-the-full-text-of-sarah-palins-bizarre-trump-spee|title=So, Uh, Here's The Full Text Of Sarah Palin's Bizarre Trump Speech|work=BuzzFeed|date=2016-1-19|7=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618055135/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/kyleblaine/so-uh-heres-the-full-text-of-sarah-palins-bizarre-trump-spee|archive-date=2020-6-18|url-status=live}}</ref> og [[Chris Christie]] brukte ''America First'' i sine støtteerklæringer for Trump. Trump la selv inn slagordet i sine daglige opptredener etter et intervju med David E. Sanger i ''[[The New York Times]]'' i mars 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rothman|first=Lily|url=http://time.com/4273812/america-first-donald-trump-history/|title=The Long History Behind Donald Trump's 'America First' Foreign Policy|work=Time|date=2016-3-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120185238/http://time.com/4273812/america-first-donald-trump-history/|archive-date=2018-11-20|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="transcript2016">{{cite news|last1=Haberman|first1=Maggie|last2=Sanger|first2=David E.|last3=Trump|first3=Donald|authorlink3=Donald Trump|title=Transcript: Donald Trump Expounds on His Foreign Policy Views|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/27/us/politics/donald-trump-transcript.html|work=The New York Times|date=2016-3-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128021557/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/27/us/politics/donald-trump-transcript.html|archive-date=2017-1-28|url-status=live}}</ref>

Trump fulgte i valgkampen i 2016 opp med at ''America First'' ville være et overordnet tema i hans regjering, og han frontet nasjonalisme og isolasjonisme.<ref>{{cite news|last=DelReal|first=Jose A.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/04/27/trump-pivoting-to-the-general-election-hones-america-first-foreign-policy-vision/|title=Trump, pivoting to the general election, hones 'America First' foreign policy vision|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=2016-4-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501032229/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/04/27/trump-pivoting-to-the-general-election-hones-america-first-foreign-policy-vision/|archive-date=2016-5-1|url-status=live}}</ref> Etter at Trump ble valgt til president, ble ''Amerika først'' en offisiell utenrikspolistisk [[doktrine]] fra [[Donald Trumps første regjering]]. Trump brukte ''America First'' i sin innsettelsestale 20. januar 2017. I en meningsmåling fra [[Politico]]/Morning Consult sa 65 % of amerikanerne at de reagerte positivt på Trumps ''America First'' i innsettelsestalen, mens 39 % mente talen var dårlig.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sherman|first=Jake|title=Poll: Voters liked Trump's 'America first' address|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/poll-voters-liked-trumps-inaugural-address-234148|work=[[Politico]]|date=2017-1-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125211955/http://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/poll-voters-liked-trumps-inaugural-address-234148|archive-date=2017-1-25|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite news|last=Savransky|first=Rebecca|title=Majority of Americans approves of Trump's 'America First' message|url=http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/316005-poll-majority-of-americans-approve-of-trumps-america-first-message|work=The Hill|date=2017-1-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127080046/http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/316005-poll-majority-of-americans-approve-of-trumps-america-first-message|archive-date=2017-1-27|url-status=live}}</ref> Slagordene ''Make America Great Again'' og ''America First'' ble begge brukt i tittelen på Trumpregjeringens forslag til statsbudsjett for 2018. Det refererte til forslaget om å bruke mer på militæret, mer på innenlands sikkerhet og på veteraner og mindre på utgifter utenlands, og den hadde et mål om å oppnå budsjettbalanse i løpet av ti år.<ref>{{cite news |last= Andrade |first= Juan Pablo |url= http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/economy-budget/334793-trumps-budget-proposal-truly-puts-america-first |date= 2017-5-24 |title= Trump's budget proposal truly puts America first |work= The Hill |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180313153519/http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/economy-budget/334793-trumps-budget-proposal-truly-puts-america-first |archive-date= 2018-3-13 |accessdate= 2020-11-23 |archivedate= 2018-03-13 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180313153519/http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/economy-budget/334793-trumps-budget-proposal-truly-puts-america-first |url-status= yes }}</ref>

I sin innsettelsestale i 2025 brukte Trump på nytt ''America First''.<ref>{{Kilde www|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/remarks/2025/01/the-inaugural-address/|tittel=The Inaugural Address|besøksdato=2025-02-20|dato=2025-01-20|språk=en-US|verk=The White House}}</ref>

== Referanser ==
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[[Kategori:Politiske bevegelser i USA]]
[[Kategori:Mottoer]]
[[Kategori:Donald Trump]]