Redigerer 123Movies

{{Infoboks nettsted|url= |navn=123Movies / GoMovies|nåværende status=Offline (kloner og kopier er fortsatt tilgjengelige)<ref name="mpaa2018"/>|språk=Engelsk|logo=Movies 123movies.png|type=Illegal online strømmetjeneste}}

'''123Movies''', '''GoMovies''', '''GoStream''', '''MeMovies''' eller '''123movieshub''' var et nettverk av [[Strømming|filstrømmingsnettsteder]] som opererte fra [[Vietnam]] som tillot brukere å se filmer gratis. 

Det ble kalt verdens «mest populære ulovlige nettsted» av [[Motion Picture Association of America]] (MPAA) i mars 2018,<ref name="refa">{{Kilde www|url=https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/world-s-most-popular-pirated-movie-site-being-run-from-vietnam-us-trade-association-3722948.html|tittel=World's most popular pirated movie site being run from Vietnam: US trade association|besøksdato=21. februar 2019|etternavn=An Nguyen|avis=[[VnExpress]]|sitat="Right now, the most popular illegal site in the world, 123movies.to (at this point), is operated from Vietnam, and has 98 million visitors a month," said Jan van Voorn, executive vice president & chief of Global Content Protection at the MPAA.}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Kilde www|url=https://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-brands-123movies-as-the-worlds-most-popular-illegal-site-180316/|tittel=MPAA Brands 123Movies as the World's Most Popular Illegal Site|besøksdato=2019-01-19|etternavn=Ernesto|språk=en|sitat=“Right now, the most popular illegal site in the world, 123movies.to (at this point), is operated from Vietnam, and has 98 million visitors a month,” Van Voorn said, quoted by VNExpress.}}</ref> før det ble stengt ned noen uker senere påfølgende en kriminell etterforskning av vietnamesiske myndigheter.<ref name=":1">{{Kilde www|url=https://torrentfreak.com/pirate-streaming-giant-123movies-announces-shutdown-180319/|tittel=Pirate Streaming Giant 123Movies Announces Shutdown|besøksdato=21. februar 2019|etternavn=Ernesto|sitat=According to a message posted on the site, it will close its doors at the end of the week. At the same time, the operators are now urging their users to respect filmmakers by paying for movies and TV-shows.}}</ref>

== Utvikling ==
[[Fil:GoMovies_Logo.png|miniatyr| GoMovies-logo]]
Siden gikk gjennom flere navneendringer etter å ha blitt stengt fra forskjellige domener; noen ganger dukket navnet opp som «123Movies», og andre ganger som ''123movies''. Det opprinnelige navnet og URL-en var 123movies.to, som ble endret til andre domener, før det igjen ble endret til 123movieshub.to/is. Siden ble værende der til den ble tatt ned.<ref name=":0">{{Kilde www|url=https://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-brands-123movies-as-the-worlds-most-popular-illegal-site-180316/|tittel=MPAA Brands 123Movies as the World's Most Popular Illegal Site|besøksdato=2019-01-19|etternavn=Ernesto|språk=en|sitat=“Right now, the most popular illegal site in the world, 123movies.to (at this point), is operated from Vietnam, and has 98 million visitors a month,” Van Voorn said, quoted by VNExpress.}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFErnesto2018">Ernesto (16 March 2018). [https://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-brands-123movies-as-the-worlds-most-popular-illegal-site-180316/ «MPAA Brands 123Movies as the World's Most Popular Illegal Site"]. ''[[TorrentFreak]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-19</span></span>. <q>"Right now, the most popular illegal site in the world, 123movies.to (at this point), is operated from Vietnam, and has 98 million visitors a month," Van Voorn said, quoted by VNExpress.</q></cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Kilde www|url=https://torrentfreak.com/pirate-streaming-giant-123movies-announces-shutdown-180319/|tittel=Pirate Streaming Giant 123Movies Announces Shutdown|besøksdato=21. februar 2019|etternavn=Ernesto|sitat=According to a message posted on the site, it will close its doors at the end of the week. At the same time, the operators are now urging their users to respect filmmakers by paying for movies and TV-shows.}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFErnesto2019">Ernesto (19 March 2019). [https://torrentfreak.com/pirate-streaming-giant-123movies-announces-shutdown-180319/ «Pirate Streaming Giant 123Movies Announces Shutdown"]. ''[[TorrentFreak]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2019</span>. <q>According to a message posted on the site, it will close its doors at the end of the week. At the same time, the operators are now urging their users to respect filmmakers by paying for movies and TV-shows.</q></cite></ref>

I oktober 2016 listet MPAA 123Movies i sin ''Online Notorious Markets''-oversikt til Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR), og uttalte at «nettstedet har en global Alexa-rangering på 559 og en lokal rangering på 386 i USA. 123movies.to hadde 9,26 millioner unike besøkende på verdensbasis i august 2016 ifølge SimilarWeb-data».<ref name="mpaa2016">{{Kilde www|url=https://www.mpaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/MPAA-Notorious-Markets-2016-Final.pdf|tittel=Letter to Christine Peterson, Director for Intellectual Property and Innovation|besøksdato=21. februar 2019|etternavn=Joanna McIntosh (Executive Vice President)|sitat=The site has a global Alexa rank of 559 and a local rank of 386 in the U.S. 123movies.to had 9.26 million worldwide unique visitors in August 2016 according to SimilarWeb data. The site is currently using a chain of reverse proxy services in the United States, Iran and Romania to curb rights holders’ ability to identify its precise host.}}</ref> I oktober 2016 rapporterte ''Business Insider'' at 123movies.to var det «mest brukte piratnettstedet" i [[Storbritannia]].<ref>{{Kilde www|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/13-illegal-movie-tv-streaming-sites-blocked-in-uk-2016-10?r=US&IR=T|tittel=13 more illegal movie and TV streaming sites have been blocked in the UK|besøksdato=21. februar 2019|etternavn=James Cook|sitat=TorrentFreak points out that 123movies.to, one of the newly blocked sites, is actually the most-used pirate website in the UK.}}</ref> 

123 Filmer inkluderte HD, HD-RIP, [[Blu-ray Disc|Blu-ray]] og kameraopptak av filmer. Videoverten og spillerne den brukte inkluderer Openload, Streamango og MyCloud. I løpet av sin eksistens og nedleggelsesperiode ble nettstedet dekket av ''TorrentFreak'' angående funksjoner, oppetid/nedetid, nedstengning og årsaker til nedleggelse.<ref name=":0">{{Kilde www|url=https://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-brands-123movies-as-the-worlds-most-popular-illegal-site-180316/|tittel=MPAA Brands 123Movies as the World's Most Popular Illegal Site|besøksdato=2019-01-19|etternavn=Ernesto|språk=en|sitat=“Right now, the most popular illegal site in the world, 123movies.to (at this point), is operated from Vietnam, and has 98 million visitors a month,” Van Voorn said, quoted by VNExpress.}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFErnesto2018">Ernesto (16 March 2018). [https://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-brands-123movies-as-the-worlds-most-popular-illegal-site-180316/ «MPAA Brands 123Movies as the World's Most Popular Illegal Site"]. ''[[TorrentFreak]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-19</span></span>. <q>"Right now, the most popular illegal site in the world, 123movies.to (at this point), is operated from Vietnam, and has 98 million visitors a month," Van Voorn said, quoted by VNExpress.</q></cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Kilde www|url=https://torrentfreak.com/pirate-streaming-giant-123movies-announces-shutdown-180319/|tittel=Pirate Streaming Giant 123Movies Announces Shutdown|besøksdato=21. februar 2019|etternavn=Ernesto|sitat=According to a message posted on the site, it will close its doors at the end of the week. At the same time, the operators are now urging their users to respect filmmakers by paying for movies and TV-shows.}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFErnesto2019">Ernesto (19 March 2019). [https://torrentfreak.com/pirate-streaming-giant-123movies-announces-shutdown-180319/ «Pirate Streaming Giant 123Movies Announces Shutdown"]. ''[[TorrentFreak]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2019</span>. <q>According to a message posted on the site, it will close its doors at the end of the week. At the same time, the operators are now urging their users to respect filmmakers by paying for movies and TV-shows.</q></cite></ref><ref name=":2">{{Kilde www|url=https://torrentfreak.com/why-did-the-worlds-largest-streaming-site-suddenly-shut-down-180401/|tittel=Why Did The World's Largest Streaming Site Suddenly Shut Down?|besøksdato=19. februar 2019|etternavn=Ernesto|språk=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Kilde www|url=https://torrentfreak.com/gomovies123movies-launches-anime-streaming-site-171204/|tittel=GoMovies/123Movies Launches Anime Streaming Site|besøksdato=2019-01-19|språk=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Kilde www|url=https://torrentfreak.com/pirate-streaming-site-123movies-rebrands-as-gomovies-170329/|tittel=Pirate Streaming Site 123Movies Rebrands as GoMovies (Updated)|besøksdato=2019-01-19|språk=en}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Kilde www|url=https://torrentfreak.com/gomovies-moves-to-gostream-is-and-evades-google-ban-170714/|tittel=GoMovies Moves to GoStream.is and Evades Google 'Ban'|besøksdato=2019-01-19|språk=en}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Kilde www|url=https://torrentfreak.com/is-there-a-mysterious-criminal-case-against-watchasap-181118/|tittel=Is There a Mysterious Criminal Case Against WatchAsap?|besøksdato=2019-01-19|språk=en}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Kilde www|url=https://torrentfreak.com/123movies-was-shut-down-following-a-criminal-investigation-181005/|tittel=123movies Was Shut Down Following a Criminal Investigation|besøksdato=2019-01-19|språk=en}}</ref>

I desember 2017 lanserte skaperne av 123movies en annen strømmeside dedikert til [[anime]], kalt AnimeHub.to, som forble online i flere måneder etter at 123Movies ble stengt.<ref name=":4">{{Kilde www|url=https://torrentfreak.com/gomovies123movies-launches-anime-streaming-site-171204/|tittel=GoMovies/123Movies Launches Anime Streaming Site|besøksdato=2019-01-19|språk=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://torrentfreak.com/gomovies123movies-launches-anime-streaming-site-171204/ «GoMovies/123Movies Launches Anime Streaming Site"]. ''TorrentFreak''. 2017-12-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-19</span></span>.</cite></ref>

== Nedstengelse ==
[[Fil:Streaming-site-123movies-to_shutdown.png|miniatyr| Varselet om nedleggelse av 123Movies]]
I mars 2017 rapporterte TorrentFreak at USAs ambassadør i Vietnam, Ted Osius, hadde vært i samtaler med den lokale informasjons- og kommunikasjons-ministeren Truong Minh Tuan om å stenge ulovlige strømmesider som opererte fra Vietnam, og listet opp 123filmer som et spesifikkt nettsted.<ref>{{Kilde www|url=https://torrentfreak.com/us-ambassador-asks-vietnam-to-target-123movies-putlocker-and-kisscartoon-170323/|tittel=US Ambassador Asks Vietnam to Target 123movies, Putlocker and Kisscartoon|besøksdato=21. februar 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Kilde www|url=https://vnexpress.net/kinh-doanh/viet-my-hop-tac-chan-noi-dung-xau-tren-youtube-facebook-3559244.html|tittel=[TRANSLATED] Vietnam - US cooperates to block bad content on YouTube and Facebook|besøksdato=21. februar 2019|avis=[[VnExpress]]}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Kilde avis|url=https://www.news.com.au/technology/online/piracy/the-worlds-largest-piracy-site-has-announced-its-closing-down-for-good-urges-people-to-buy-content/news-story/728380a53ddd4c7c576081b6a13f4d6d|tittel=123movies shuts down: Streaming giant warns users to stop piracy|avis=[[news.com.au]]|etternavn=Matthew Dunn|besøksdato=2019-01-19|sitat=123movies has previously attracted the attention of the office of the US Trade Representative, having been listed in its latest Notorious Markets report which highlights markets engaging in and facilitating substantial copyright piracy and trademark counterfeiting. Last year the US Ambassador to Vietnam also requested the local Government criminally prosecute 123movies and other piracy sites running from the country.}}</ref>

I oktober 2017 listet MPAA 123Movies (og GoStream.is) i sin ''Online Notorious Markets'' -oversikt til Office of the United States Trade Representative, og uttalte at mens nettstedet teknisk sett var basert i [[Ukraina]] at: «Nettstedet tar mange skritt for å skjule identiteten til operatøren, inkludert bruk av Cloudflare, men det er sterk grunn til å tro at operatøren fortsatt er i Vietnam; innhold lastes opp ved hjelp av cyberlockere fra en rekke e-postkontoer som stammer fra Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy.»<ref name="mpaa2017">{{Kilde www|url=https://www.mpaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/notorious-markets-final.pdf|tittel=Letter to Christine Peterson, Director for Intellectual Property and Innovation|besøksdato=21. februar 2019|etternavn=[[Charles Rivkin]] (CEO MPAA)|sitat=123movies, now redirects to Gostream.is, the latest iteration of which is a very popular streaming website that embeds popular movie and series content from third-party cyberlockers. The site has undergone changes in 2016-2017, rebranding as gomovies in March 2017, and then the domain name registered as gostream in July 2017; it is believed this is due in part to highprofile pressure. Gostream currently has a global Alexa rank of 477 and a local rank of 170 in the U.S. Gostream (and its associated domains) garnered 18.45 million unique visitors in July 2017 according to SimilarWeb data.}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Kilde www|url=https://torrentfreak.com/why-did-the-worlds-largest-streaming-site-suddenly-shut-down-180401/|tittel=Why Did The World's Largest Streaming Site Suddenly Shut Down?|besøksdato=19. februar 2019|etternavn=Ernesto|språk=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">Ernesto (1 April 2018). [https://torrentfreak.com/why-did-the-worlds-largest-streaming-site-suddenly-shut-down-180401/ «Why Did The World's Largest Streaming Site Suddenly Shut Down?"]. ''[[TorrentFreak]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":0">{{Kilde www|url=https://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-brands-123movies-as-the-worlds-most-popular-illegal-site-180316/|tittel=MPAA Brands 123Movies as the World's Most Popular Illegal Site|besøksdato=2019-01-19|etternavn=Ernesto|språk=en|sitat=“Right now, the most popular illegal site in the world, 123movies.to (at this point), is operated from Vietnam, and has 98 million visitors a month,” Van Voorn said, quoted by VNExpress.}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFErnesto2018">Ernesto (16 March 2018). [https://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-brands-123movies-as-the-worlds-most-popular-illegal-site-180316/ «MPAA Brands 123Movies as the World's Most Popular Illegal Site"]. ''[[TorrentFreak]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-19</span></span>. <q>"Right now, the most popular illegal site in the world, 123movies.to (at this point), is operated from Vietnam, and has 98 million visitors a month," Van Voorn said, quoted by VNExpress.</q></cite></ref>

19. mars 2018 kunngjorde et notat på nettstedets hjemmeside at det ble stengt, og oppfordret brukere til å «respektere filmskapere ved å betale for filmer og TV-serier».<ref name=":1">{{Kilde www|url=https://torrentfreak.com/pirate-streaming-giant-123movies-announces-shutdown-180319/|tittel=Pirate Streaming Giant 123Movies Announces Shutdown|besøksdato=21. februar 2019|etternavn=Ernesto|sitat=According to a message posted on the site, it will close its doors at the end of the week. At the same time, the operators are now urging their users to respect filmmakers by paying for movies and TV-shows.}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFErnesto2019">Ernesto (19 March 2019). [https://torrentfreak.com/pirate-streaming-giant-123movies-announces-shutdown-180319/ «Pirate Streaming Giant 123Movies Announces Shutdown"]. ''[[TorrentFreak]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2019</span>. <q>According to a message posted on the site, it will close its doors at the end of the week. At the same time, the operators are now urging their users to respect filmmakers by paying for movies and TV-shows.</q></cite></ref><ref name=":6">{{Kilde avis|url=https://www.news.com.au/technology/online/piracy/the-worlds-largest-piracy-site-has-announced-its-closing-down-for-good-urges-people-to-buy-content/news-story/728380a53ddd4c7c576081b6a13f4d6d|tittel=123movies shuts down: Streaming giant warns users to stop piracy|avis=[[news.com.au]]|etternavn=Matthew Dunn|besøksdato=2019-01-19|sitat=123movies has previously attracted the attention of the office of the US Trade Representative, having been listed in its latest Notorious Markets report which highlights markets engaging in and facilitating substantial copyright piracy and trademark counterfeiting. Last year the US Ambassador to Vietnam also requested the local Government criminally prosecute 123movies and other piracy sites running from the country.}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMatthew_Dunn">Matthew Dunn. [https://www.news.com.au/technology/online/piracy/the-worlds-largest-piracy-site-has-announced-its-closing-down-for-good-urges-people-to-buy-content/news-story/728380a53ddd4c7c576081b6a13f4d6d «123movies shuts down: Streaming giant warns users to stop piracy"]. ''[[news.com.au]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-19</span></span>. <q>123movies has previously attracted the attention of the office of the US Trade Representative, having been listed in its latest Notorious Markets report which highlights markets engaging in and facilitating substantial copyright piracy and trademark counterfeiting. Last year the US Ambassador to Vietnam also requested the local Government criminally prosecute 123movies and other piracy sites running from the country.</q></cite></ref>

== Gjenopptreden ==
I oktober 2018 sa MPAAs oppdatering om ''Online Notorious Markets'' til USAs handelsrepresentant at nedleggelsen av 123movies, 123movieshub, gostream og gomovies, etter en kriminell etterforskning i Vietnam i 2018, var «en viktig utvikling" i bekjempelsen av illegale piratkopitjenester. Imidlertid bemerket MPAA-rapporten også at det hadde dukket opp mange copycat-nettsteder i minst åtte andre land.<ref name="mpaa2018">{{Kilde www|url=https://www.mpaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/notorious-markets-final.pdf|tittel=Letter to Sung Chang, Director for Intellectual Property and Innovation|besøksdato=21. februar 2019|etternavn=[[Charles Rivkin]] (CEO MPAA)|sitat=An important development in 2018 was the shuttering of a ring of piracy services that had operated under the names 123movies, 123movieshub, gostream, and gomovies following the launch of a criminal investigation in Vietnam and significant industry engagement. Since its closure, many copycat sites have emerged. This ring of piracy services had been blocked in at least eight countries prior to its shut down and efforts are underway to shut down the copycats as well:}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Kilde www|url=https://torrentfreak.com/123movies-was-shut-down-following-a-criminal-investigation-181005/|tittel=123movies Was Shut Down Following a Criminal Investigation|besøksdato=2019-01-19|språk=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://torrentfreak.com/123movies-was-shut-down-following-a-criminal-investigation-181005/ «123movies Was Shut Down Following a Criminal Investigation"]. ''[[TorrentFreak]]''. 2018-10-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> I november 2018 rapporterte ''TorrentFreak'' at nettsteder knyttet til, eller lignende123Movies som ''WatchAsap'' også hadde blitt stengt av [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]], men ble omdirigert til andre fildelingssider.<ref name=":11">{{Kilde www|url=https://torrentfreak.com/is-there-a-mysterious-criminal-case-against-watchasap-181118/|tittel=Is There a Mysterious Criminal Case Against WatchAsap?|besøksdato=2019-01-19|språk=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://torrentfreak.com/is-there-a-mysterious-criminal-case-against-watchasap-181118/ «Is There a Mysterious Criminal Case Against WatchAsap?"]. ''TorrentFreak''. 2018-11-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-19</span></span>.</cite></ref>  Da nettstedet ble blokkert i India, spredte det seg mange «kloner" i India i 2018.<ref>{{Kilde www|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/india/123movies-hd-movies-website-is-still-online-even-after-ban/articleshow/65812044.cms|tittel=123Movies पर रोक के बावजूद जारी है पाइरेटेड फिल्मों का सिलसिला|språk=hi}}</ref>

== Se også ==

* [[Putlocker]], lignende nettbasert filmstrømmingsnettverk
* [[Popcorn Time]], et [[Freeware|gratisprogram]] som lar brukere se filmer gjennom torrenting på flere plattformer.

== Referanser ==
<references/>

== Eksterne lenker ==
* [https://www.mpaa.org/policy-statement/mpaa-comments-to-ustr-on-notorious-markets/ MPAA-forskning på beryktede markeder]

[[Kategori:Internett-pionerer]]
[[Kategori:Sensur]]
[[Kategori:Strømmetjenester]]