Redigerer Psykose (avsnitt)

===Generelle medisinske===
Psykose som følge av «organiske» (ikke-psykologiske) forhold er kjent som '''sekundær psykose''' . Det kan være forbundet med følgende patologi:
*nevrologiske lidelser, inkludert:
**[[hjernesvulst]]<ref name="Brain_tumor">{{cite journal |last=Lisanby |first=S. H. |coauthors= C. Kohler, C. L. Swanson, and R. E. Gur |year=1998 |month=januar |title=Psychosis Secondary to Brain Tumor |journal=Seminars in clinical neuropsychiatry |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=12–22 | pmid = 10085187 }}</ref> 
**demens med Lewy legemer<ref name="DLB">{{cite journal |last=McKeith |first=Ian G. |year=2002 |month=februar |title=Dementia with Lewy bodies |journal=[[British Journal of Psychiatry]] |volume=180 |pages=144–7 | pmid = 11823325 |doi= 10.1192/bjp.180.2.144}}</ref> 
**[[multippel sklerose]]<ref name="multiple_sclerosis">{{cite journal |last=Rodriguez Gomez |first=Diego |coauthors=Elvira Gonzalez Vazquez and Óscar Perez Carral |date=16.–31. august 2005 |title=Psicosis aguda como inicio de esclerosis multiple / Acute psychosis as the presenting symptom of multiple sclerosis / Psicose aguda como inicio de esclerose multipla |journal=Revista de Neurología |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=255–6 | pmid = 16075405 |url=http://www.revneurol.com/LinkOut/formMedLine.asp?Refer=2005320&Revista=RevNeurol |accessdate=2006-09-27}}</ref> 
**sarkoidose<ref name="Sarcoidosis">{{cite journal |last=Bona |first=Joseph R. |coauthors=Sondralyn M. Fackler, Morris J. Fendley and Charles B. Nemeroff |date=1. august 1998 |title=Neurosarcoidosis as a Cause of Refractory Psychosis: A Complicated Case Report |journal=American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=155 |issue=8 |pages=1106–8 |pmid=9699702 |url=http://www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/155/8/1106 |accessdate=2006-09-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228121633/http://www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/155/8/1106 |url-status=dead }} {{Kilde www |url=http://www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/155/8/1106 |tittel=Arkivert kopi |besøksdato=2010-09-13 |arkiv-dato=2007-02-28 |arkiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228121633/http://www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/155/8/1106 |url-status=yes }}</ref>
**
**syfilis<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kararizou E, Mitsonis C, Dimopoulos N, Gkiatas K, Markou I, Kalfakis N |title=Psychosis or simply a new manifestation of neurosyphilis? |journal=J. Int. Med. Res. |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=335–7 |date=2006 |pmid=16866029 |url=http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/nlm?genre=article&issn=0300-0605&volume=34&issue=3&spage=335&aulast=Kararizou }}{{død lenke|dato=juli 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Brooke D, Jamie P, Slack R, Sulaiman M, Tyrer P |title=Neurosyphilis—a treatable psychosis |journal=Br J Psychiatry |volume=151 |issue= |pages=556 |year=1987 |month=oktober |pmid=3447677 |doi=10.1192/bjp.151.4.556}}</ref> 
**[[Alzheimers sykdom]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Lesser JM, Hughes S |title=Psychosis-related disturbances. Psychosis, agitation, and disinhibition in Alzheimer's disease: definitions and treatment options |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_geriatrics_2006-12_61_12/page/14 |journal=Geriatrics |volume=61 |issue=12 |pages=14–20 |year=2006 |month=desember |pmid=17184138 }}</ref> 
**[[Parkinsons sykdom]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Wedekind S |title=[Depressive syndrome, psychoses, dementia: frequent manifestations in Parkinson disease] |language=tysk |journal=MMW Fortschr Med |volume=147 |issue=22 |pages=11 |year=2005 |month=juni |pmid=15977623 }}</ref>
**anti-NMDA reseptor encefalitt<ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |author=Nasky KM, Knittel DR, Manos GH |title=Psychosis associated with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies |journal=[[CNS Spectr]] |volume=13 |issue=8 |pages=699–703 |year=2008 |month=august |pmid= |doi= |url=http://www.cnsspectrums.com/aspx/articledetail.aspx?articleid=1677}}</ref>

*elektrolyttforstyrrelser som: 
**hypokalsemi<ref name="Rossman_1956">{{cite journal |last=Rossman |first=Phillip L. |coauthors=Robert M. Vock |year=1956 |month=september |title=Postpartum Tetany and Psychosis Due to Hypocalcemia |journal=California Medicine |volume=85 |issue=3 |pages=190–3 | pmid = 13356186 |pmc=1531921 |accessdate=2006-10-16 }}</ref> 
**hypernatremi<ref name="Jana_1973">{{cite journal |last=Jana |first=D. K. |coauthors=L. Romano-Jana |year=1973 |month=oktober |title=Hypernatremic psychosis in the elderly: case reports |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-american-geriatrics-society_1973-10_21_10/page/473 |journal=Journal of the American Geriatrics Society |volume=21 |issue=10 |pages=473–7 | pmid = 4729012}}</ref> 
**hyponatremi<ref name="Haensch_et_al_1996">{{cite journal |last=Haensch |first=C. A. |coauthors=G. Hennen and J. Jorg |year=1996 |month=april |title=[Reversible exogenous psychosis in thiazide-induced hyponatremia of 97 mmol/l] |journal=Der Nervenarzt |volume=67 |issue=4 |pages=319–22 | pmid = 8684511}}</ref> 
**hypokalemi<ref name="Hafez_et_al_1984">{{cite journal |last=Hafez |first=H. |coauthors=J. S. Strauss, M. D. Aronson, and C. Holt |year=1984 |month=juni |title=Hypokalemia-induced psychosis in a chronic schizophrenic patient |journal=Journal of Clinical Psychiatry |volume=45 |issue=6 |pages=277–9 | pmid = 6725222}}</ref>
**hypomagnesemi<ref name="Konstantakos_2006">{{cite web |url=http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic1122.htm |title=Hypomagnesemia |accessdate=16. oktober 2006 |last=Konstantakos |first=Anastasios K. |coauthors=Enrique Grisoni |date=25. mai 2006 |work=eMedicine |publisher=WebMD}}</ref> 
**hypermagnesemi<ref name="Velasco_et_al_1999">{{cite journal |last=Velasco |first=P. Joel |coauthors=Manoochehr Manshadi, Kevin Breen, and Steven Lippmann |date=1. desember 1999 |title=Psychiatric Aspects of Parathyroid Disease |journal=Psychosomatics |volume=40 |issue=6 |pages=486–90 |pmid=10581976 |url=http://psy.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/40/6/486 |accessdate=2006-10-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20030712092023/http://psy.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/40/6/486 |archivedate=2003-07-12 |tittel=Arkivert kopi |besøksdato=2006-10-17 |arkivurl=https://archive.today/20030712092023/http://psy.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/40/6/486 |arkivdato=2003-07-12 |url-status=død }}</ref> 
**hyperkalsemi<ref name="Rosenthal_et_al_1997">{{cite journal |last=Rosenthal |first=M. |coauthors=I. Gil and B. Habot |year=1997 |title=Primary hyperparathyroidism: neuropsychiatric manifestations and case report |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_israel-journal-of-psychiatry-and-related-sciences_1997_34_2/page/122 |journal=Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=122–125 | pmid = 9231574}}</ref> 
**hypofosfatemi<ref name="Nanji_1984">{{cite journal |last=Nanji |first=A. A. |year=1984 |month=november |title=The psychiatric aspect of hypophosphatemia |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_canadian-journal-of-psychiatry_1984-11_29_7/page/599 |journal=Canadian Journal of Psychiatry |volume=29 |issue=7 |pages=599–600 | pmid = 6391648}}</ref> 
*hypoglykemi<ref name="hypoglycemia">{{cite journal |last=Padder |first=Tanveer |coauthors=Aparna Udyawar, Nouman Azhar, and Kamil Jaghab |year=2005 |month=desember |title=Acute Hypoglycemia Presenting as Acute Psychosis |journal=Psychiatry online |url=http://www.priory.com/psych/hypg.htm |accessdate=2006-09-27}}</ref>
*lupus<ref name="Lupus_Psychosis_India">{{cite journal |last=Robert |first=M. |coauthors=R. Sunitha, and N. K. Thulaseedharan |date=1. mars 2006|title=Neuropsychiatric manifestations systemic lupus erythematosus: A study from South India |journal=Neurology India |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=75–7 | pmid = 16679649 |url=http://www.neurologyindia.com/article.asp?issn=0028-3886;year=2006;volume=54;issue=1;spage=75;epage=77;aulast=Robert |accessdate=2006-09-29 |doi=10.4103/0028-3886.24713 }}</ref> 
*[[aids]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Evans |first=Dwight L. |coauthors=Karen I. Mason, Jane Leserman, Russell Bauer And John Petitto |editor=Kenneth L Davis, Dennis Charney, Joseph T Coyle, Charles Nemeroff |title=Neuropsychopharmacology: The Fifth Generation of Progress |url=http://www.acnp.org/default.aspx?Page=5thGenerationChapters |accessdate=2006-10-16 |edition=5th |date=2002-02-01 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Philadelphia |isbn=0-7817-2837-1 |pages=1281–1301 |chapter=Chapter 90: Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of HIV-1 Infection and AIDS |chapterurl=http://www.acnp.org/g4/GN401000149/CH146.html |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019184938/http://www.acnp.org/default.aspx?Page=5thGenerationChapters |archivedate=2006-10-19 |tittel=Arkivert kopi |besøksdato=2006-10-16 |arkivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019184938/http://www.acnp.org/default.aspx?Page=5thGenerationChapters |arkivdato=2006-10-19 |url-status=død }} {{Kilde www |url=http://www.acnp.org/default.aspx?Page=5thGenerationChapters |tittel=Arkivert kopi |besøksdato=2010-09-13 |arkiv-dato=2006-10-19 |arkiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019184938/http://www.acnp.org/default.aspx?Page=5thGenerationChapters |url-status=yes }}</ref> 
*lepra<ref name="Lowinger_1959">{{cite journal |last=Lowinger |first=Paul |year=1959 |month=juli |title=Leprosy And Psychosis |journal=American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=116 |issue=1 |pages=32–37 |doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.116.1.32 |pmid=13661445 |url=http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/116/1/32 |accessdate=2006-10-17 |doi_brokendate=2008-06-25 |archivedate=2008-12-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222082412/http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/116/1/32 }}</ref><ref name="Ponomareff_1965">{{cite journal |last=Ponomareff |first=G. L. |year=1965 |month=juni |title=Phenomenology Of Delusions In A Case Of Leprosy |journal=American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=121 |issue=12 |pages=1211 |pmid=14286061 |url=http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/reprint/121/12/1211 |format=PDF |accessdate=2006-10-17 |archivedate=2008-12-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222083457/http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/reprint/121/12/1211 }}</ref>
*[[malaria]]<ref name="Tilluckdharry_et_al_1996">{{cite journal |last=Tilluckdharry |first=C. C. |coauthors=D. D. Chaddee, R. Doon, and J. Nehall |year=1996 |month=mars |title=A case of vivax malaria presenting with psychosis |journal=West Indian Medical Journal |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=39–40 | pmid = 8693739}}</ref> 

Psykose kan også være forårsaket av tilsynelatende ufarlige lidelser som [[influensa]]<ref name="Steinberg_et_al_1959">{{cite journal |last=Steinberg |first=D. |coauthors=S. R. Hirsch, S. D. Marston, K. Reynolds, and R. N. Sutton |year=1972 |month=mai |title=Influenza infection causing manic psychosis |journal=[[British Journal of Psychiatry]] |volume=120 |issue=558 |pages=531–535 | pmid = 5041533 |doi=10.1192/bjp.120.558.531}}</ref><ref name="Maurizi_1985">{{cite journal |last=Maurizi |first=C. P. |year=1985 |month=februar |title=Influenza and mania: a possible connection with the locus ceruleus |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_southern-medical-journal_1985-02_78_2/page/207 |journal=Southern Medical Journal |volume=78 |issue=2 |pages=207–209 | pmid = 3975719}}</ref> eller [[kusma]].<ref name="Keddie_1965">{{cite journal |last=Keddie |first=K. M. |year=1965 |month=august |title=Toxic psychosis following mumps |journal=[[British Journal of Psychiatry]] |volume=111 |pages=691–696 | pmid = 14337417 |doi=10.1192/bjp.111.477.691}}</ref>