Redigerer Sosial støtte (avsnitt)

===Psykisk helse===
I perioder med mye stress hjelper sosial støtte mennesker med å redusere psykiske plager (som for eksempel angst og depresjon)<ref name=SETReview />. Sosial støtte har vist seg å fremme psykologisk tilpasning i tilfeller med kronisk høyt stressnivå, som HIV<ref>{{cite journal|last=Turner-Cobb|first=J.M.|coauthors=Gore-Felton, C., Marouf, F., Koopman, C., Kim, P., Israelski, D., Spiegel, D.|title=Coping, social support, and attachment style as psychosocial correlates of adjustment in men and women with HIV/AIDS|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-behavioral-medicine_2002-08_25_4/page/337|journal=Journal of Behavioral Medicine|year=2002|volume=25|pages=337–353}}</ref>, revmatoid artritt<ref>{{cite journal|last=Goodenow|first=C.|coauthors=Reisine, S.T., Grady, K.E.|title=Quality of social support and associated social and psychological functioning in women with rheumatoid arthritis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_health-psychology_1990_9_3/page/266|journal=Health Psychology|year=1990|volume=9|pages=266–284}}</ref>, kreft<ref>{{cite journal|last=Penninx|first=B.W.J.H.|coauthors=van Tilburg, T., Boeke, A.J.P., Deeg, D.J.H., Kriegsman, D.M.W., van Ejik, J.Th.M.|title=Effects of social support and personal coping resources on depressive symptoms: Different for various chronic diseases?|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_health-psychology_1998-11_17_6/page/551|journal=Health Psychology|year=1998|volume=17|pages=551–558}}</ref>, hjerneslag <ref>{{cite journal|last=Robertson|first=E.K.|coauthors=Suinn, R.M.|title=The determination of rate of progress of stroke patients through empathy measures of patient and family|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-psychosomatic-research_1968_12/page/189|journal=Journal of Psychosomatic Research|year=1968|volume=12|pages=189–191}}</ref> og koronarsykdom<ref>{{cite journal|last=Holahan|first=C.J.|coauthors=Moos, R.H., Holahan, C.K., Brennan, P.I.|title=Social context, coping strategies, and depressive symptoms: An expanded model with cardiac patients|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-personality-and-social-psychology_1997-04_72_4/page/918|journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology|year=1997|volume=72|pages=918–28}}</ref>.
 
Mennesker med lav grad av sosial støtte rapporterer flere subkliniske symptomer på depresjon og angst enn mennesker med høy grad av sosial støtte<ref name=Barrera /><ref name=Cohen>{{cite journal|last=Cohen|first=S|coauthors=Wills, T.A.|title=Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_psychological-bulletin_1985-09_98_2/page/310|journal=Psychological Bulletin|year=1985|volume=98|pages=310–357|doi=10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310}}</ref>. I tillegg har mennesker med lav grad av sosial støtte høyere forekomst av kliniske psykiske lidelser enn de med høy grad av sosial støtte. Dette inkluderer blant annet Post-traumatisk stressforstyrrelse<ref>{{cite journal|last=Brewin|first=C.R.|coauthors=Andrews, B., Valentine, J.D.|title=Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults|journal=Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology|year=2000|volume=68|pages=748–766}}</ref>, panikklidelse<ref>{{cite journal|last=Huang|first=M|coauthors=Yen, C., Lung, F.|title=Moderators and mediators among panic, agoraphobia symptoms, and suicidal ideation in patients with panic disorder|journal=Comprehensive Psychiatry|year=2010|volume=51|pages=243–249}}</ref>, sosial fobi<ref>{{cite journal|last=Torgrud|first=L.|coauthors=Walker, J., Murray, L., Cox, B., Chartier, M., Kjernisted, K.|title=Deficits in perceived social support associated with generalized social phobia|journal=Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy|year=2004|volume=33|pages=87–96}}</ref>, alvorlig depressiv lidelse<ref name="Lakey, B., & Cronin, A. 2008 385–408">{{cite book|last=Lakey, B., & Cronin, A.|title=Risk factors for depression|url=https://archive.org/details/riskfactorsdepre00dobs|year=2008|publisher=Academic Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/riskfactorsdepre00dobs/page/385 385]–408|editor=Dobson, K.S., & D. Dozois|chapter=Low social support and major depression: Research, theory, and methodological issues}}</ref>, dystymi<ref>{{cite journal|last=Klein|first=D.N.|coauthors=Taylor, E.B., Dickstein, S., Harding, K.|title=Primary early-onset dysthymia: comparison with primary nonbipolar nonchronic major depression on demographic, clinical, familial, personality, and socioenvironmental characteristics and short-term outcome|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-abnormal-psychology_1988-11_97_4/page/387|journal=Journal of Abnormal Psychology|year=1988|volume=97|pages=387–398}}</ref> og spiseforstyrrelser<ref>{{cite journal|last=Stice|first=E|coauthors=Presnell, K., Spangler, D.|title=Risk factors for binge eating onset in adolescent girls: A 2-year prospective investigation|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_health-psychology_2002-03_21_2/page/131|journal=Health Psychology|year=2002|volume=21|pages=131–138}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Grisset|first=N.I.|coauthors=Norvell, N.K.|title=Perceived social support, social skills, and quality of relationships in bulimic women|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-consulting-and-clinical-psychology_1992-04_60_2/page/293|journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology|year=1992|volume=60|pages=293–299}}</ref>. Blant mennesker med schizofreni har de som har lav grad av sosial støtte flere symptomer av lidelsen<ref>{{cite journal|last=Norman|first=R.M.G.|coauthors=Malla, A.K., Manchanda, R., Harricharan, R., Takhar, J., Northcott, S.|title=Social support and three-year symptom and admission outcomes for first year psychosis|journal=Schizophrenia Research|year=2005|volume=80|pages=227–234}}</ref>. Dessuten har mennesker med lav grad av sosial støtte flere selvmordstanker<ref>{{cite journal|last=Casey|first=P.R.|coauthors=Dunn, G., Kelly, B.D., Birkbeck, G., Dalgard, O.S., Lehtinen, V., Britta, S., Ayuso-Mateos, J.L., Dowrick, C.|title=Factors associated with suicidal ideation in the general population|journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry|year=2006|volume=189|pages=410–415}}</ref> og mer alkohol og narkotikaproblemer<ref>{{cite journal|last=Stice|first=E.|coauthors=Barrera, M., Jr., Chassin, L.|title=Prospective differential prediction of adolescent alcohol use and problem use: Examining mechanisms of effect|journal=Journal of Abnormal Psychology|year=107|pages=616–628}}</ref>. Liknende resultater har man funnet hos barn<ref>{{cite journal|last=Chu|first=P.S.|coauthors=Saucier, D.A., Hafner, E.|title=Meta-analysis of the relationships between social support and well-being in children and adolescents|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-social-and-clinical-psychology_2010-06_29_6/page/624|journal=Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology|year=2010|volume=29|pages=624–645}}</ref>.