Redigerer Ny-Nederland (avsnitt)

==Steder grunnlagt fram til 1674==

[[File:Castle Island and Fort Orange Albany, New York 1629.jpg|thumb|(Ca. 1629) [[Fort Orange]] og Castle Eylandt]]
[[File:Manatvs gelegen op de Noot Riuier.jpg|thumb|(Ca. 1639) «Eyland Manatus» – [[Manhattan]]. Bokstav "A" anmerker beliggenheten til [[Fort Amsterdam]].]]
[[File:Map-Novi Belgii Novæque Angliæ (Amsterdam, 1685).jpg|thumb|right| (Ca. 1650) Kart der Ny-Nederland er farget i gult. Nytrykket er fra 1685.]]
[[File:Delaware Bay Vinckeboons 14.jpg|thumb|Nautical chart of [[Zwaanendael]], 1639]]
[[File:Kartskiss över Nya Sverige.png|thumb|(Ca. 1650) [[Delaware (elv)]] – Sørfloden/''Zuid Rivier'' – og handelsstasjoner og fort.]]
[[File:Stad Amsterdam in Nieuw Nederland (City Amsterdam in New Netherland) Castello Plan 1660.jpg|thumb|(1660) [[Kastello-kartet]] (over [[Ny-Amsterdam]])]]

=== Elvenavn ===
*Provinsens tre største elver ble gitt nederlandske navn, ''Zuyd Rivier'' eller «Sør-elva» nåtidens [[Delaware (elv)|Delawere river]], ''Noort Rivier'' eller «Nord-elva», nåtidens [[Hudson River|Hudson river]] og ''Versche Rivier'' eller «Fersk-elva» nåtidens [[Connecticut (elv)|Connecticut river]].

=== Fort, handelsstasjoner og blokkhus ===
[[File:Model of Fort Cristina.jpg|thumb|Modell av [[Fort Cristina]] – et fort som ble bygget på land som Nederland allerede krevde. [[Nye Sverige]] ble tapt til Nederland i 1655.]]

*[[Fort Nassau]] – ved Nord-elva – var et [[faktori]] som ble bygget i 1614  på [[Castle Island|Castle Eylandt]] – nåtidens [[Westerlo Island]] i [[Albany (New York)]]. Beliggenheten var problematisk på grunn av flom; avviklet i 1617 eller året etter
*[[Fort Orange]] (1624) ble lagt 3,2 kilometer nord for tidligere Fort Nassau
*[[Fort Amsterdam (New York)|Fort Amsterdam]] (1625), på sørspissen av [[Manhattan]]
*[[Fort Wilhelmus]] (1625), ved Sør-elva ([[Burlington Island]]); forlatt<ref>Bert van Steeg,''Walen in de Wildernis'' {{kilde www|url=http://stuyvesant.library.uu.nl/kaarten/steegessay.htm |tittel=Arkivert kopi |besøksdato=2008-12-02 |url-status=død |arkivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517171002/http://stuyvesant.library.uu.nl/kaarten/steegessay.htm |arkivdato=2008-05-17 }}:
Bij aankomst in de kolonie werden de kolonisten opgesplitst in vier groepen en werden er op een aantal plaatsen kleine vestigingen gesticht, vooral in de buurt van de al bestaande handelsposten.  Een aantal families werden gevestigd aan de Delaware. Hier werd fort Wilhelmus gesticht. Twee families en zes mannen werden naar de Connecticut rivier gestuurd. Ook op Governors’ eiland werden een aantal kolonisten geplaatst om een fort te bouwen. Het grootste aantal kolonisten, onder wie Catalina Rapalje, werd echter net ten zuiden van het huidige Albany geplaatst. May liet hier een klein fort bouwen dat de naam Fort Orange kreeg. Hier verbleven ongeveer achttien families.[30] Brodhead, J.R., ''History of the state of New York'' (New York, 1871), pp.150-191.</ref>
*[[Fort Nassau]] nær Sør-elva, eksisterte mellom 1627 og 1651<ref>{{Citation   | last = Gehring   | first = Charles T.   | author-link =    | title = Hodie Mihi, Cras Tibi   | work = New Sweden in America Swedish-Dutch relations in the Delaware Valley   | publisher = University of Delaware Press   | year = 1995   | url = http://books.google.nl/books?id=_1nnksAHeiMC&pg=PA69&dq=Hodie+Mihi+Cras+Tibi+Charles+T.+Gehring&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QiuvUabTHcHnOuKvgeAP&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Hodie%20Mihi%20Cras%20Tibi%20Charles%20T.%20Gehring&f=false   | isbn = 0-87413-520-6   | quote = }}</ref><ref>{{citation   | last = Munn   | first = David C.   | title = First Settlement on the Delaware River, a history of Gloucester City, New Jersey (Louisa W. Llewellyn, ed.)   | publisher = Gloucester Ctty Library   | year = 1976   | url = http://www.gcpl.us/Chapter%20Two%20Text.htm   | accessdate = 2013-06-07   | quote = In March, 1624, the Dutch West India Company, a trading company chartered to navigate and settle the area now known as the Delaware Valley, sent the Nieu Nederlant under Capt. Cornelius Jacobson Mey with 30 families to establish a colony. The colonists were distributed between the settlement on the North (Hudson) River and the one on the South (Delaware) River. Instructions issued to William Verhulst, Capt. Mey's successor as Director-General in 1625 indicate that the Dutch planned to make the settlement on the South River the seat of government for New Netherlands. This plan was altered one year later when Peter Minuit became Director-General and moved the base of operations to a new fort on Manhattan Island called Fort Amsterdam. Eyewitness accounts and a deposition given by one of the original colonists place the location of the 1624 settlement on Burlington Island. Little is known about the settlement other than it was a trading post and the home of the Director-General. In 1626 the Dutch began to concentrate their settlement efforts on Manhattan Island. However, Isaack de Resiere, the resident secretary of the West India Company reported to his superiors on the immediate need for a fort on the South River. His letter dated September 23, 1626, stated: "The honorable gentlemen submit to our consideration whether it would not be advisable to erect a small fort on the South River. This according to my judgement is not only advisable, but necessary for the following reasons: First to keep possession of the River, in order that others may not precede us there and erect a fort themselves. Secondly, because having a fort there, one could control all the trade in the river, Third, because the natives say that they are afraid to hunt in winter, being constantly harassed by war with the Mihquaes, whereas if a fort were there, an effort could be made to reconcile them." Shortly after this report, the company erected Fort Nassau on the Delaware River and placed a small garrison in it. Company reports indicate the trading season of 1626 was highly successful, adding to the justification for the fort's construction. No contemporary description of the Fort exists; however, the usual Dutch procedure was to select a site near a natural stream and enclose the area with a palisaded structure. There is evidence of a wooden building within the fort, but nothing of the fort itself. The Dutch kept a garrison in Fort Nassau until 1628, when the soldiers were recalled to Fort Amsterdam. Trading vessels were sent at regular intervals to deal with the Indians for furs until 1638 when the Swedes came to the Delaware Valley; then the Dutch sent a permanent garrison to the fort, maintaining it until 1651 when Peter Stuyvesant ordered the fort dismantled.   | archivedate = 2014-09-12   | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140912213321/http://www.gcpl.us/Chapter%20Two%20Text.htm   }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = New Netherland and Beyond: Delaware River Settlements | url = http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nycoloni/nswdmp.html}}</ref> der nåtidens [[Gloucester City (New Jersey)]] ligger; flyttet i 1651 og ble da Fort Casimir.
*[[Fort Huis de Goede Hoop]] (1633), ved Fersk-elva i nåtidens [[Hartford]] i Connecticut
*[[Fort Ninigret]] eksisterte i hvert fall fra 1637; lå på [[Charlestown]] i Rhode Island
*[[Fort Casimir]] (1651), ved Sør-elva innenfor nåtidens [[New Castle, Delaware]], en kort periode hadde den navnet Fort Trefaldigheets (1654–1655) og senere New Amstel
*[[Fort Beversreede]] – et [[faktori]] – ble bygget etter 1633 og ble flyttet i 1651. I 1648 bygget [[Nya Sverige]] et [[blokkhus]] med stokkade – kalt [[Fort Nya Korsholm]] – angivelig 12 fot fra porten til det nederlandske faktoriet.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Philadelphia: 1609-1884| last=Scharf|first=John Thomas|last2= Westcott| first2= Thompson| publisher=L. H. Everts & Company|year=1884|city=Philadelphia|pages=2399|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=BHkCAAAAIAAJ&dq=beversrede+fort&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}</ref> Disse lå ved [[Schuylkill]] nær Sør-elva, i nåtidens [[Philadelphia]]<ref>''History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania'', Henry Graham Ashmead. Philadelphia: L. H. Everts & Co. 1884 [http://www.delcohistory.org/ashmead/ashmead_pg278.htm] {{Wayback|url=http://www.delcohistory.org/ashmead/ashmead_pg278.htm|date=20081203194551}}</ref>
*[[Fort Altena]], før 1655 var fortet svensk – [[Fort Christina]], grunnlagt 1638; lå ved sideelver til Sørfloden ved nåtidens [[Wilmington, Delaware|Wilmington]] i Delaware.

====Svenske fort og blokkhus====
*[[Fort Nya Elfsborg]] eksisterte 1643-1651; lå ved Sør-elva mellom nåtidens [[Salem (New Jersey)]] og [[Alloway Creek]].<ref>[http://www.nnp.org/vtour/regions/Delaware/fort_elfsborg.html  ''Fort Elfsborg'' (New Netherlands Project)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nnp.org/vtour/regions/Delaware/fort_elfsborg.html |date=20080618020519 }}</ref>

====Andre bosetninger====

*[[Governors Island|Noten Eylant]] (1624), ved munningen av Nord-elva nåtidens [[Governors Island]]
*[[Fort Wilhelmus]] (1624), ved Sør-elva (''oppløst'')<ref>Bert van Steeg,''Walen in de Wildernis'' :{{kilde www|url=http://stuyvesant.library.uu.nl/kaarten/steegessay.htm |tittel=Arkivert kopi |besøksdato=2008-12-02 |url-status=død |arkivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517171002/http://stuyvesant.library.uu.nl/kaarten/steegessay.htm |arkivdato=2008-05-17 }}, soon after abandoned
Bij aankomst in de kolonie werden de kolonisten opgesplitst in vier groepen en werden er op een aantal plaatsen kleine vestigingen gesticht, vooral in de buurt van de al bestaande handelsposten.  Een aantal families werden gevestigd aan de Delaware. Hier werd fort Wilhelmus gesticht. Twee families en zes mannen werden naar de Connecticut rivier gestuurd. Ook op Governors’ eiland werden een aantal kolonisten geplaatst om een fort te bouwen. Het grootste aantal kolonisten, onder wie Catalina Rapalje, werd echter net ten zuiden van het huidige Albany geplaatst. May liet hier een klein fort bouwen dat de naam Fort Orange kreeg. Hier verbleven ongeveer achttien families.[30]Brodhead, J.R., History of the state of New York (New York 1871), 150-191</ref>
*[[New Haven|Roduins]] eller [[West Rock Ridge|Rodenbergh]] ([[handelspost]] på 1620-tallet?),<ref>[https://archive.today/20120908093455/http://www.nnp.org/vtour/regions/Connecticut_River/rodenburg.html Connecticut River Section - Rodenburg (New Haven)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> nåtidens [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]] i Connecticut
*[[Old Saybrook|Kievets Hoek]] (1624), nåtidens [[Old Saybrook]] (''oppløst'')
*[[Ny Amsterdam]] (1624), nåtidens [[Lower Manhattan]]
*[[Rensselaerswyck]] (1630 eller 1631<ref name="rensselaerswijck" />), var et ''patroonschap'' ved Nord-elva, i nåtidens [[Capital District]]
*[[Pavonia]] (1630), ved Nord-elva,<ref>http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nycoloni/nnlandex5.html</ref> forsøk på ''patroonschap'' fra [[w:Michael Reyniersz Pauw|Michael Pauw]], i nåtidens [[Hudson County]]
*[[Zwaanendael]] (1631), ved Sør-elva, plyndret av urinnbyggere<ref>Rabushka, Alwina ''Taxation in Colonial America''</ref>, nåtidens [[Lewes (Delaware)|Lewes]] i Delaware
*[[Fort Goede Hoop|Fort Huis de Goed Hoop]] (1633), nær ''Fersk-elva'',<ref name="ruttenber910746">Ruttenber,E.M.,''Indian Tribes of Hudson's River'', ISBN 0-910746-98-2 (Hope Farm Press, 3rd ed, 2001)</ref> nåtidens [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]]
*[[Communipaw]] (1634), as Jan de Lacher's Hoeck,<ref>{{Kilde www |url=http://www.njcu.edu/programs/jchistory/Pages/C_Pages/Communipaw.htm |tittel=Communipaw |besøksdato=2016-06-06 |arkiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604221020/http://www.njcu.edu/programs/jchistory/Pages/C_Pages/Communipaw.htm |arkivdato=2016-06-04 |url-status=død }}</ref> nåtidens [[Liberty State Park]]
*[[Greenwich Village|Noortwijk]] (1630s), nåtidens [[Greenwich Village]]
*[[Connecticut Colony]] (1636), nær [[Fort Goede Hoop|Fort Huis de Goed Hoop]]
*[[Quetenesse]] (1636), nåtidens [[Dutch Island (Rhode Island)|Dutch Island]]
*[[Harlem|Nieuwe Haarlem]] (1637) og (1652) kommunal pakt
*[[Pelham, New York|Pelham]] (1637), en New Englander's husmannsplass
*[[New Haven Colony]] (1638), [[New Englander]] byer funnet ved munningen av [[Quinnipiac River]]
*[[Bronx|Broncks]] (1639),<ref>{{cite book |title= North of Manhattan| first= Harry| last= Hansen| publisher= Hastings House| year= 1950| oclc= 542679}}, excerpted at [http://www.bronxmall.com/cult/series/2.html The Bronx... Its History & Perspective]</ref> nåtidens [[The Bronx]], bosatt av [[Jonas Bronck]]
*[[Paulus Hook|Paulus Hoeck]] (1639), a patent at [[Pavonia, New Netherland|Pavonia]]
*[[Staten Island|Staaten Eylandt]] (1639), forsøk på ''patroonschap'' ved Cornelius Meyln <ref>O’Callaghan, Edmund B, Bertold Fernow ed., Documents relative to the colonial history of the state of New York (Albany 1856-1887) Book II, Chapter II, PartIV {{kilde www |url=http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ny/state/his/bk2/ch2/pt4.html |tittel=Arkivert kopi |besøksdato=2008-12-26 |url-status=død |arkivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214125749/http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ny/state/his/bk2/ch2/pt4.html |arkivdato=2009-02-14 }}</ref>]
*[[Southold (CDP), New York|Southhold]] (1640)
*[[Achter Col]] (1641), forsøk på ''patroonschap'' ved [[Hackensack River]]
*[[Vriessendael]] (1640), gården til [[David Pietersen de Vries]], nåtidens [[Edgewater, New Jersey|Edgewater]]
*[[History of Greenwich, Connecticut|Greenwich]] (1642), engelsk herregård under nederlandsk jurisdiksjon
*[[Throg's Neck|Vriedelandt]] (1642), engelskmammen [[John Throckmorton|John Throckmortons]] boplass, nåtidens [[Throg's Neck]] <ref>[http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nycoloni/nnlandex4.html Land Grants 1630-1664, N - U<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
*[[Maspeth, Queens|Maspat]] (1642), et charter gitt til [[Francis Doughty (clergyman)|Rev. Francis Doughty]],<ref>[http://www.nnp.org/vtour/regions/Long_Island/mespath.html Long Island Section - Maspeth<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nnp.org/vtour/regions/Long_Island/mespath.html |date=20120608220530 }}</ref> nåtidens [[Maspeth, Queens|Maspeth]] <ref>[http://www.rootsweb.com/~nyqueen2/Maspeth/ Maspeth, Queens County, New York<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
*[[Beverwijck]] (1640s), en handelspost omgitt av [[Rensselaerswyck]], (1652) kommunal charter
*[[Peekskill, New York|Peekskill]] (trolig tidlig 1640s, formalisert i 1684)
*[[Hempstead (village), New York|Hemsteede]] (1643), [[New England]] bosetting på [[Long Island|Lange Eylandt]]<ref>[http://longislandgenealogy.com/hempstead.html History of Hempstead Village<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
*[[Hoboken (New Jersey)|Hoboken]] (1643), på leie fra [[Pavonia, New Netherland|Pavonia]]
*[[Eastchester (town), New York|Eastchester]] (1643) gården til [[Anne Hutchinson]]<nowiki/>s familie og følge
*[[Gravesend, Brooklyn|Gravesend]] (1645) bosetting av nederlandsk patent ved den engelske [[anabaptist]]<nowiki/>en [[Lady Deborah Moody]] med følge
*[[Flushing, Queens|Vlissingen]] (1645), nederlandsk patent, mest engelske kolonister, mange av dem [[Vennenes samfunn|kvekere]], nåtidens [[Queens|Flushing]]
*[[Brooklyn Heights, Brooklyn|Breuckelen]] (1646), nåtidens [[Brooklyn Heights, Brooklyn|Brooklyn Heights]]
*[[Colen Donck]] (1646), gården til adelsmann [[Adriaen van der Donck]], nåtidens [[Yonkers]]
*[[Constable Hook]] (1646), patent
*[[Flatlands, Brooklyn|Nieuw Amersfoort]] (1647), nåtidens [[Flatlands, Brooklyn|Flatlands]]
*[[Minkakwa]] (1647), nåtidens [[Liberty State Park|Caven Point]]
*[[Weehawken, New Jersey|Weehawken]] (1647), patent
*[[Bowery|De Bouwerij]] (1649), gården til [[Petrus Stuyvesant]]
*[[Fort Casimir]] (1651) het [[Fort Trefaldighet]] i 1654-55; ligger i nåtidens [[New Castle County|New Castle]]<ref>[http://archives.delaware.gov/markers/ncc/SITE%20OF%20FORT%20CASIMER%20NC-23.shtml Site Of Fort Casimir<!-- Bot generated title -->]   {{Wayback|url=http://archives.delaware.gov/markers/ncc/SITE%20OF%20FORT%20CASIMER%20NC-23.shtml |date=20100821215815 }}</ref>
*[[Midwood, Brooklyn|Midwout]] (1652),<ref name=genealogy>[http://www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/Town/TheNeighborhood.html BROOKLYN NEIGHBORHOODS.. Present & Past] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/Town/TheNeighborhood.html |date=20130530231722 }}. Retrieved December 21, 2006.</ref> nåtidens [[Midwood, Brooklyn|Midwood]]
*[[Kingston, New York|Esopus]] (1652) nåtidens [[Ulster County, New York|Ulster County]] <ref name="nps.gov">[http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm Dutch Colonization<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
*[[New Utrecht, Brooklyn|Nieuw Utrecht]] (1652), eller [[New Utrecht, Brooklyn|New Utrecht]]
*[[Oyster Bay (town), New York|Oester Baai]] (1653), ved 1650-grensen mellom [[New England]] og [[New Netherland]], nåtidens [[Oyster Bay (town), New York|Oyster Bay]]
*[[Pelham, New York|Pelham Manor]] (1654), engelskmannen [[Thomas Pell]]<nowiki/>s kjøp [[New Netherland]]/[[Siwanoy]] territory<ref>{{kilde www|url=http://www.pelhamny.com/history/index2.html |tittel=Arkivert kopi |besøksdato=2010-04-12 |url-status=død |arkivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100830200036/http://www.pelhamny.com/history/index2.html |arkivdato=2010-08-30 }}</ref>
*[[Bayonne, New Jersey|Pamrapo]] (1654), [[Achter Col]] patents, nåtidens [[Bayonne, New Jersey|Bayonne]]<ref>[http://www.angelfire.com/ab3/genealogyproject/Oldchurch.html The Old Dutch Reformed Church<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
*[[New Castle, Delaware|Nieuw Amstel]] (1655), nåtidens [[New Castle, Delaware|New Castle]]
*[[Jamaica, Queens|Rustdorp]] (1656) [[land patent]], nåtidens [[Jamaica, Queens|Jamaica]]
*[[Kingston, New York|Wiltwyk]] <ref name="nps.gov"/> (1657), nåtidens [[Kingston, New York|Kingston]]
*[[Poughkeepsie, New York|Poughkeepsie]] (1650s), ved Barent Baltus
*[[Bergen, Nieuw-Nederland]] (1660), i nåtidens [[Hudson County]]
*[[Rye (town), New York|Rye]] (1660), landkjøp av engelske bosettere<ref>{{kilde www |url=http://www.ryehistoricalsociety.org/knapp_house.htm |tittel=Arkivert kopi |besøksdato=2008-12-27 |url-status=død |arkivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080823013754/http://www.ryehistoricalsociety.org/knapp_house.htm |arkivdato=2008-08-23 }}</ref>
*[[Old Town, Staten Island|Oude Dorpe]] (1661), nåtidens [[Old Town, Staten Island|Old Town]] på [[Staten Island]]<ref>Staff. [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0711FD3A5812718DDDA10A94DE405B818FF1D3 "HUGUENOTS WILL STAGE STATEN ISLAND FETE; Will Celebrate Today Settlement of Old Town in 1661-- Gov. Roosevelt Invited."], ''[[The New York Times]]'', June 28, 1931. Retrieved January 11, 2009.</ref>
*[[Bushwick, Brooklyn|Boswijck]] (1661), nåtidens [[Bushwick, Brooklyn|Bushwick]]
*[[Schenectady]] (1661)
*[[Claverack, New York|Claverack]] (1662), nåtidens [[Hudson, New York|Hudson]]
*[[Pieter Corneliszoon Plockhoy|Plockhoy Zwaanendael]] (1663), av [[Pieter Corneliszoon Plockhoy]]
*[[English Neighborhood]] (1668), østre [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County]]
*[[Rotterdam (New York)|Rotterdam]] (1670), opprinnelig Woestina
*[[New Dorp, Staten Island|Nieuw Dorp]] (1671), nåtidens [[New Dorp, Staten Island|New Dorp]]