Redigerer Elektromotorisk spenning (avsnitt)

==Litteratur==
*{{Kilde bok  | ref=YL  | forfatter=Hugo D. Young og Roger A. Freedman  | redaktør=  |utgivelsesår=2008  | artikkel=  | tittel=University Physics  | bind=  | utgave=XII  | utgivelsessted=  |forlag=Addison Wesley  | side=  | isbn=978-0-321-50130-1  | id=  | språk=engelsk  | kommentar=  |url= }}
* Andrew Gray, "Absolute Measurements in Electricity and Magnetism", [http://books.google.com/books?vid=0pkd5YYtaGRtjR6Oes&id=WxeFSg38JLQC&pg=PA41&dq= Electromotive force]. Macmillan and co., 1884.
*{{cite book |title=Modern Electrochemistry: An Introduction to an Interdisciplinary Area |author=John O'M. Bockris, Amulya K. N. Reddy |url=http://books.google.com/?id=5OGsg_v_7yoC&pg=PA647 |chapter=Electrodics |isbn=0-306-25002-0 |year=1973 |edition=2 |publisher=Springer}}
*{{cite journal |author=Roberts, Dana |title= How batteries work: A gravitational analog |journal= Am. J. Phys.|volume= 51 |page= 829 |year=1983 |doi=10.1119/1.13128|bibcode = 1983AmJPh..51..829R }}
* Charles Albert Perkins, "Outlines of Electricity and Magnetism", [http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC02316583&id=jd1vvFcD-MAC&pg=PA158&vq=&dq= Measurement of Electromotive Force]. Henry Holt and co., 1896.
* John Livingston Rutgers Morgan, "The Elements of Physical Chemistry", [http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC10759094&id=ovjORAvJZZkC&pg=PA235&dq= Electromotive force].  J. Wiley, 1899.
* George F. Barker, "[http://books.google.com/books?vid=0uowlltB5bCx84xQrO&id=zXAQ97d7YiIC&pg=PA649&lpg=PA650 On the measurement of electromotive force]". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society Held at Philadelphia for Promoting Useful Knowledge, American Philosophical Society. January 19, 1883.
*  "Abhandlungen zur Thermodynamik, von H. Helmholtz. Hrsg. von Max Planck". (Tr. "Papers to thermodynamics, on H. Helmholtz. Hrsg. by Max Planck".) Leipzig, W. Engelmann,  Of Ostwald classical author of the accurate sciences series. New consequence. No. 124, 1902.
* Nabendu S. Choudhury, "Electromotive force measurements on cells involving [beta]-alumina solid electrolyte". NASA technical note, D-7322.
*  Henry S. Carhart,  "Thermo-electromotive force in electric cells, the thermo-electromotive force between a metal and a solution of one of its salts".  New York, D. Van Nostrand company, 1920.
* Hazel Rossotti, "Chemical applications of potentiometry".  London, Princeton, N.J., Van Nostrand, 1969. ISBN 0-442-07048-9
* Theodore William Richards and Gustavus Edward Behr, jr., "The electromotive force of iron under varying conditions, and the effect of occluded hydrogen". Carnegie Institution of Washington publication series, 1906.
* G. W. Burns, et al., "Temperature-electromotive force reference functions and tables for the letter-designated thermocouple types based on the ITS-90". Gaithersburg, MD : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Washington, Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., 1993.
* {{cite book |author=Norio Sato |title=Electrochemistry at metal and semiconductor electrodes |page=326 ''ff'' |url=http://books.google.com/?id=olQzaXNgM74C&pg=PA328 |isbn=0-444-82806-0 |year=1998 |publisher=Elsevier |edition=2nd |chapter= Semiconductor photoelectrodes}}